Religious order initials: Initials following an individual’s name indicate that person is a member of a Roman Catholic Religious Order of either men or women (i.e., priest, brother, or sister). Some of the more common examples found in this bibliography are C.Ss.R. (Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer--Redemptorist); O.P. (Order of Preachers--Dominican); and S.J. (Society of Jesus--Jesuit). Often the initials stand for the Latin name of the Religious Order, and so are not always easily identifiable with its English equivalent, e.g. C.S.C. refers to the Latin name of the Holy Cross Fathers and Brothers.

INTRODUCTION

Scripture has always played an important role in ethics in the Judeo-Christian tradition, though the ways in which the biblical material has been employed has differed widely throughout history, not to mention the considerable differences found among both individual authors and confessional approaches. Just how one conceives of Scripture and its authority for the life of the believers who hold the text as sacred and revelatory, and therefore as having a sacred claim on their lives will do much to determine how this text is employed in moral and ethical reflection. Similarly, how one conceives of the nature of morality and task of ethics will figure in what sources, the Bible included, will be brought to bear on one’s ethical reflection. Obviously a reference bibliography of this sort cannot answer these questions for the individual works listed, but it is important to bear in mind these two organizing questions of what is Scripture and what is ethics as one uses the material contained in the bibliography.

The bibliography itself contains works in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish. English titles are listed according to the University of Chicago (Turabian) manual of style, but the non-English titles are entered according to the most common academic bibliographic conventions of the language of the particular entry. The List of Abbreviations and Foreign Conventions contains some commonly used terms in these non-English titles which will aid the unfamiliar reader in understanding terms such as “editor” in non-English titles (e.g., a cura di for Italian, and Hrsg. or Herausgegeben for German).

The bibliography itself is divided into five major sections. The first section, General Works and /or Methodology which contains articles and books dealing with methodological issues on the usage of Scripture in ethics, or general works which treat a broad topic related to Scripture and ethics. The second section, Ethics in the Hebrew Scriptures and/or Jewish Ethics contains works dealing with what Christians traditionally term the Old Testament. Though the majority of the titles contained in this section are from Christian authors, several entries are from Jewish authors as well, and some titles concern themselves primarily with how Jewish ethics uses biblical material. The third section, New Testament Ethics, contains a number of subsections dealing with New Testament ethics, the individual authors of the New Testament books, and two principal New Testament ethical themes, namely, Law and Gospel, and the Love Command. The fourth section, Special Questions in Scripture and Ethics, contains a number of sub-sections which list books and articles dealing with a variety of individual ethical issues--ranging from ecology to war and peace. The fifth and final section of the bibliography gathers together Pre-1962 and/or Historical Works on Scripture and Ethics. The date for this last section corresponds to the opening of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church (1962-1965). Vatican II, as it is commonly called, proved to be a major watershed for a renaissance of the employment of Scripture in Roman Catholic moral theology, and therefore works written after that time often differ markedly from approaches prior to the Council.

Cross-referencing has been included as far as possible within the bibliography. Thus, if a given title deals, for example, with Paul’s use of the theme of Law and Gospel in Galatians the same title will be entered in both the sections of Pauline Ethics and the Love Command in the New Testament. Similarly, a title deal with ecological themes in the Book of Genesis will be listed under Ecology and Ethics in the Hebrew Scriptures. Because of the extensive cross-referencing employed throughout the bibliography the Index is limited almost exclusively to individual authors (and a few texts, such as a papal encyclical like Veritatis Splendor (Pope John Paul II’s 1993 encyclical on moral theology) which uses Scripture in a major way.

It would be impossible in a work of this size to include an annotation for each and every entry, but a good number of such annotations are included, as well as an indication of the individual’s professional background. This latter information is included so that the reader might better know the professional and/or confessional context out of which a given author is writing.

Finally, while it would be impossible to provide a workable list of “key” titles in any given section of the bibliography it might be helpful to indicate a couple of works which have proven especially helpful in dealing with a number of the central methodological issues in approaching Scripture and ethics. To this end I would suggest the following texts: William C. Spohn’s What Are They Saying About Scripture and Ethics? (Rev. ed., New York: Paulist Press, 1984, 1995), is a very good introduction to the field and discusses five principal models or ways in which Scripture is and has been used in Christian ethics and/or moral theology, with illustrations from well-known Protestant and Roman Catholic theologians, including Divine Command (Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer) Moral Reminder (Josef Fuchs, S.J. and Bruno Schüller, S.J.), Liberation (e.g., Gustavo Gutiérrez), Response to Revelation (H. Richard Niebuhr), Call to Discipleship (e.g., Stanley Hauerwas), and Spohn’s own model of Responding Love (based partially on Spohn’s work on Jonathan Edwards’ notion of religious affections. The original 1984 edition contains a discussion of Rudolf Bultmann, Sallie McFague, Letty Russell, Phyllis Trible and John Howard Yoder; treatment of these authors has been largely dropped from the revised edition.

The essays edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. in Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology (New York: Paulist Press, 1984) contain a good cross-section of representative theologians, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, on the use of Scripture in Christian ethics. Each individual article is listed separately in this bibliography, and I would recommend especially James M. Gustafson’s two essays: "The Changing Use of the Bible in Christian Ethics" and "The Place of Scripture in Christian Ethics: A Methodological Study."

For two particularly important works done by biblical exegetes on New Testament ethics see Wolfgang Schrage’s The Ethics of the New Testament, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1988) and Richard B. Hays’ The Moral Vision of the New Testament (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996). Schrage’s work discusses in detail the “ethical material” contained in the individual books of the New Testament, while Hays proposes three central organizing metaphors from the New Testament, namely, Community, Cross, and New Creation, as a basic methodological approach to utilizing the biblical material in Christian ethics. Hays also names and treats four principal “tasks” of using the Bible in ethics: the descriptive task (what is being said); the synthetic task (how does this or that passage, text, etc., fit within the larger biblical text in a coherent manner); the hermeneutical task of interpreting the biblical texts for ethics, and finally the “pragmatic” task of “living under the Word” (applying the biblical texts to concrete moral issues). Finally Hays treats several such issues in individual chapters: non-violence, divorce and remarriage, homosexuality, anti-Judaism and ethnic conflict, and abortion.

Finally, since so much of the whole task of using Scripture in ethics depends on how one reads, interprets and applies the biblical text in the first place it is important to attend to the whole area of biblical hermeneutics. Numerous works which deal with this area are included in the bibliography, but for a good introduction to the field see Sandra M. Schneiders’ The Revelatory Text: Interpreting the New Testament as Sacred Scripture, (San Francisco. HarperSanFrancisco, 1991).

This bibliography, while extensive, makes no pretensions to absolute completeness. Moreover, the whole field of Scripture and ethics grows almost daily with the publication of new articles and books. As one way of trying to keep abreast of some of the more important contributions in this field see the annual bibliographies in moral theology published in the periodicals Moralia (in Spanish) and Studia Moralia (in English and French). Both usually contain sections on biblical ethics. Also helpful are the abstracts contained in Old Testament Abstracts, New Testament Abstracts, and Elenchus Bibliographicus Biblicus.

GENERAL WORKS AND/OR METHODOLOGY

Articles on General Works and/or Methodology

AA.VV. "Lateinamerikanische Exegese." Evangelische Theologie 51 (1991).

German translations of Latin American theological articles on biblical hermeneutics and exegesis in the Latin American context.

AA.VV. "Perspectivas de moral bíblica." Moralia 6 (1984), n. 21-22.

Adeney, Bernard T. "The Bible and Culture in Ethics." Chapter 4 in Idem. Strange Virtues: Ethics in a Multicultural World, 79-105. Downers Grove IL: InterVarsity Press, 1995.

Discussion of cross-cultural perceptions and how they may inform and misinform a Christian biblical ethics. Adeney grew up in Asia as a child of missionary parents, and currently teaches in Indonesia.

Allsopp, Michael. “The Role of Sacred Scripture in Richard A. McCormick’s Ethics.” Chicago Studies 35 (August 1995): 185-196.

Discusses how noted American Roman Catholic moral theologian Richard McCormick utilizes (and fails to utilize) the Bible in his moral reasoning and methodology.

Alonso Díaz, José. "El nomismo como agente corruptor de la ética bíblica." In La Etica Bíblica, 167-192. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

Alvarez-Verdes, Lorenzo, C.Ss.R. “Le ética biblica frente a las nuevas propuestas de la hermenéutica.” Moralia 20 (2/3 1997): 171-198.

Alvarez-Verdes is professor of biblical moral theology at the Academia Alfonsiana in Rome.

. “Etica biblicá y hermenéutica: una reflexión desde la post-modernidad.” Studia Moralia 35 (1997): 313-344.

. "Il nuovo nel messaggio etico della Bibbia." In Il Problema del nuovo nella teologia morale, 99-128. A cura di Lorenzo Alvarez-Verdes. Questiones Morales, 2. Roma: Editrice Rogate, e Editrice Accademia Alfonsiana, 1986.

. "La Paz Biblica como imperativo de liberacion." En Perspectivas de moral bíblica, 41-78. Estudios de Etica Teologica. Edd. Marciano Vidal, Francisco Lage y Alfosno Ruiz-Mateos. Madrid: Instituto Superior de Ciencas Morales, PS Editorial, 1984.

Ashley, Benedict M., O.P. "Scriptural Grounding of Concrete Moral Norms." In Persona Verità e Morale: Atti del Congresso Internazionale di Teologia Morale (Roma, 7-12 aprile 1986), 637-651. Roma: Città Nuova Editrice, 1987.

Also found as "Scriptural Grounds for Concrete Moral Norms." The Thomist 52 (1988): 1-22.

Ashley lists eight "difficulties" proposed by various theologians against the use of Scripture in moral theology, and then refutes these. He argues that Jesus Christ is the supreme norm of all Christian morality, and that therefore "we must turn to the Scriptures as authentically interpreted in the living tradition of the Church for an account of Him and his Way" (p. 651).

The Congress was sponsored jointly the John Paul II Pontifical Institute for the Study of Matrimony and the Family of the Lateran University (Msgr. Carlo Caffarra), and the Holy Cross (Santa Croce) Center in Rome of the University of Navarra (Opus Dei).

Ashley is Professor of Moral Theology at the Aquinas Institute of St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri.

Balthasar, Hans Urs von. "Nine Theses in Christian Ethics." In Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology, No. 2: The Distinctiveness of Christian Ethics, 190-206. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

Also found under the title, "Nine Propositions on Christian Ethics," in Principles of Christian Morality, 77-104. Translated by Graham Harrison. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986.

Originally appeared as "Neuen Sätze zur christlichen Ethik," in Joseph Ratzinger, Hrsg., Prinzipien Christlicher Moral, 67-93. Einsiedeln, 1975.

Italian translation in Prospettive di morale cristiana. Contributi di teologia, 3. Ed. Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger. Roma: Città Nuova Editrice, 1986.

French translation in Joseph Ratzinger et Philippe Delhaye, ed., Principes d'éthique chrétienne. Le Sycomore. Paris: Editions Lethielleux, 1979.

See the four essays under the name of Marc Ouellet, et. al, in Communio 17 (3:1990) for a discussion of Balthasar's Christian ethics.

Barnhart, Joe Edward. "The Relativity of Biblical Ethics." In Biblical and Secular Ethics: The Conflict, 109-116. Edited by R. Joseph Hoffman and Gerald A. Larue. Buffalo: Prometheus Press, 1988.

Contribution which came out of a meeting of social philosophers, biblical scholars, and ethicians which met at the University of Richmond in the autumn of 1986 under the sponsorship of the Committee for the Scientific Examination of Religion (CSER) and its Biblical Criticism Research Project.

Barr, James. "The Bible as a Political Document." Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 62 (1980): 268-298.

Offers certain cautions about the use of the Bible for social ethics.

Barton, John. "The Place of the Bible in Moral Debate." Theology 88 (1985): 204-209.

. “Virtue in the Bible.” Studies in Christian Ethics 12 (1/1999): 12-22.

Bastianel, Sergio, S.J. e Di Pinto, Luigi, S.J. "Per una fondazione biblica dell'etica." Parte Prima, Capitolo 3 in Corso di morale. Vol. 1. A cura di Tullo Goffi e Giannino Piana. Brescia: Queriniana, 1983.

Contiene anche una bibliografia ampia del tema.

Also contains an ample bibliography on the subject.

Bastianel, Sergio, S.J. "La normatività del testo biblico." In Morale e coscienza storica: Il dialogo con Josef Fuchs, 197-203. Collana Saggi n. 26. Ed. Sergio Ferraro, S.J. Roma: Ave, 1988.

The answer to the question, "in che senso intendere la normatività del testo biblico per la nostra morale cristiana oggi?" (p. 197) [in what sense does one understand the normativity of the biblical text for our contemporary Christian morality?] depends largely on our pre-understanding of what morality and moral theology or ethics are all about. According to Bastianel, "Il testo [biblico] è normativo non in primo luogo per un contenuto specifico isolabile come tale, bensì in primo luogo per il modello etico che vi è presentato. Dire che è normativo significa che vincola in coscienza, non alla maniera della legge, ma al modo della coscienza, nella sua verità, nella sua libertà e responsabilità." p. 201. [The {biblical} text is not normative in the first place for a specific content which can be isolated from the text itself, but rather for the ethical model which is presented. This is to say that the normative significance of the biblical text binds the conscience, not in the manner of a law, but in the mode of conscience which perceives truth in freedom and responsibility.]

Intervento presentato al seminario sul tema "Morale e Coscienza storica," tenuto a Villa San Luigi, 1-2 maggio 1987.

Paper given at a seminar on The Historicity of Morality and Conscience held at Villa San Luigi, Italy on 1-2 May 1987.

Bastianel is professor of moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Benzarath, Martin, C.Ss.R. "Selected Bibliography in Moral Theology: 1984-1988." Studia Moralia 27 (1989): 219-772.

For a listing of recent books on Scripture and ethics, see especially Section 6, "Biblical Moral Theology," pp. 277-289.

Bertalot, Renzo. "Fondazione biblico-teologica dell'etica: Prospettiva protestante." In Questione etica e impegno ecumenico delle Chiese. Atti dell 23e sessione di formazione ecumenica del Segretariato Attività Ecumeniche (SAE), 57-70. Napoli: Edizioni Dehoniane Napoli, 1986.

Intervento al congresso tenuto a La Mendola (Trento) 27 luglio - 4 agosto 1985.

Paper given at a conference held at La Mendola (Trent, Italy) from 27 July to 4 August 1985.

Bexell, Göran. “Theological Interpretation of Biblical Texts on Moral Issues.” Studia Theologica 51 (1997):3-14.

One of several articles in this issue on scriptural ethics.

Birch, Bruce C. "Biblical preaching as moral reflection." Journal for Preachers 15 (3/1992): 13-17.

Böckle, Franz. "Moraltheologie und Exegese heute." In Ethik im Neuen Testament, 197-210. Herausgegeben von Karl Kertelge. Freiburg: Herder, 1984.

Böckle was professor of moral theology at the University of Bonn, Germany.

Bosetti, Elena. "Morale e Bibbia." Rivista di teologia morale 25 (1993): 493-496.

A brief article for the periodical's 25th anniversary, highlighting contributions published in the field. Of little value, however, since the article is neither critical nor comprehensive.

Bosetti is professor of Scripture at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Brawley, Robert L. "To Have, to Hold, and--in Time--Let Go: Ethics and Interpreting the Bible." Currents in Theology and Mission 21 (1994): 113-116.

Bretzke, James T., S.J. “Scripture and Ethics: Core, Context, and Coherence” In Moral Theology: Fundamental Issues and New Directions. Festschrift for James Hanigan. Edited by James Keating. New York: Paulist Press, (forthcoming, 2003)

Though much work has been done on the overall understanding of the interplay between the Bible and Christian ethics nevertheless, one of persistent issues in Scripture and ethics is how in the concrete one considers the Bible to be “normative” for applied Christian ethics. Addressing this problem necessarily will involve various understandings of what constitutes normativity on one hand, and on the other hand, developing a proper methodology for bringing the biblical material to illuminate and guide individuals’ responses to concrete moral dilemmas or situations. In this article I propose a tri-partite template of context, core, and coherence for approaching moral normativity and as an aid to the methodological process for bring Scripture to bear on concrete moral situations. Finally, I use this template and methodology to discuss two recent articles connected with dealing with aspects of homosexuality in the Christian community.

Bretzke was professor of moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome from 1990-93, and at the Jesuit School of Theology-at-Berkeley from 1993-2003. Since 2003 he is a professor in the Theology Department of the University of San Francisco.

. "Scripture and Ethics: Some Methodological Considerations for an Ecumenical Christian Ethics."

Considers some aspects of an "ecumenical methodology," which, though cognizant of the traditional differences between Protestant Christian ethics and Roman Catholic moral theology, nevertheless aims to develop an approach of complementarity and mutual enrichment. To this end, greater attention should be given to the "sacred claim" of Scripture in any Christian ethics. In particular, Roman Catholic moral theology will have to take more seriously the mandate given in Optatam Totius (Vatican II’s 1965 Decree on the Training for Priests) that Scripture be the "soul" for all theology. Suggests a hybrid model of a Four-Sector Grid (Scripture, Tradition, Philosophical Ethics, and Science and Experiential Data), based on the work of James Gustafson, as an approach which both Protestants and Catholics can use which allows them to develop both the biblical aspect of Christian ethics, as well as allowing the voices of the different theological traditions to be heard and taken in account.

Paper given during the Seminar on The Theology of Moral Issues, sponsored by the Boston Theological Institute in collaboration with The Pontifical Council for the Unity of Christians (Rome, 26 May 1993). At that time Bretzke was professor of moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

. "Scripture: the `Soul' of Moral Theology? -- The Second Stage." Irish Theological Quarterly 60 (1994): 259-271.

The initial response of Vatican II's call in Optatam Totius (Vatican II’s 1965 Decree on the Training for Priests) for greater attention to Scripture in all moral theology, might be termed a "First Stage," in which both ethicians and exegetes tried to highlight better the ethical dimension of Scripture better in their respective disciplines and to allow Scripture as a whole to nourish theology more completely. However, now we need to move beyond this First Stage to a Second and Third Stage. This Second Stage, which is the focus of this article, suggests a reconsideration of some of the relevant documents from Vatican II, especially Optatam Totius and Dei Verbum (Vatican II’s 1965 Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation), in order to ground better our reflections on the integration of Scripture with theology as whole, and moral theology in particular. The article concludes by outlining some of the issues, such as the authority of Scripture and the problematic of hermeneutics, which still need to be addressed if Scripture is truly to nourish our Roman Catholic moral theology. Finally, this Second Stage itself points to the necessity of a Third Stage in which reflection will center on development of a concrete and practical methodology for the use of Scripture in Christian ethics.

Botha, J. “The Bible and Ethics.” In Doing Ethics in Context: South African Perspectives, 36-45. Edited by C. Villa-Vicencio, and J. DeGruchy. Cape Town: Philip, 1994.

Cahill, Lisa Sowle. “The Bible and Christian Moral Practices.” In Christian Ethics: Problems and Prospects, 3-17. Edited by Lisa Sowle Cahill and James F. Childress. Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 1996.

Article done for the Festschrift for James M. Gustafson made up of contributions from his former students.

Cahill is a Roman Catholic and did her doctoral studies at the University of Chicago under the direction of James M. Gustafson. She is Professor of Theological Ethics at Boston College, and past President of both the Catholic Theological Society of America (CTSA) and the Society of Christian Ethics (SCE).

. "The Bible and Ethics: Hermeneutical Dilemmas." Ch. 2 in Idem. Between the Sexes: Foundations for a Christian Ethics of Sexuality, 15-44. New York: Paulist Press; and Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985.

. "Biblical Sources of Ethics." In Idem. Women and Sexuality. New York: Paulist Press, 1992.

Part of the 1992 Madeleva Lecture in Spirituality.

. "Is Catholic Ethics Biblical? The Example of Sex and Gender." Warren Lecture Series in Catholic Studies 20 (1992).

Using the example of sexual ethics, Cahill gives an overview of the traditional approaches of Roman Catholic moral theology, contrasts these with various Protestant usages of Scripture in ethics, and then concludes by outlining a revised approach to sexuality and gender issues which would be more sensitive to the creative use of the Bible.

Lecture presented at the University of Tulsa on 15 March 1992.

Cartwright, Michael G. "The Practice and Performance of Scripture: Grounding Christian Ethics in a Communal Hermeneutic." Annual of the Society of Christian Ethics (1988): 31-53.

Chiavacci, Enrico. "Il Morale nella rivelazione." Cap. 2 in Teologia morale: Vol. 1 morale generale, 27-48. Assisi: Cittadella Editrice, 1977.

Chiavacci is a moral theologian.

. "Il Sociale nella Scrittura." Cap. 5 in Teologia morale: Vol. 2 Complementi di morale generale, 86-108. Assisi: Cittadella Editrice, 1980.

Childress, James F. "Scripture and Christian Ethics." In Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 276-288. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Also found as "Scripture and Christian Ethics: Some Reflections on the Role of Scripture in Moral Deliberation and Justification." Interpretation 34 (1980): 371-380.

Clark, Michael, O.M.I. "The Major Scriptural Themes in the Moral Theology of Father Bernhard Häring." (Two parts). Studia Moralia 30 (1992): 3-16; 277-288.

Two-part article which traces the overall vision and development of Häring's use of Scripture in his writings in moral theology. Häring (born 1912) is a major Roman Catholic moral theologian who sought to incorporate Scripture into his approach to moral theology, and who taught moral theology for a number of years at the Academia Alphonsianum in Rome. Clark did his doctoral dissertation on the same theme at the Pontifical Gregorian University. See his The Use of Sacred Scripture in the Moral Theology of Father Bernard Häring, C.Ss.R. Excerpta ex dissertatione ad Doctoratum in Facultate Theologiae Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae. Roma, 1979.

Clark is a professor of Scripture at the Oblate College of Mary Immaculate in Washington, D.C.

Clowney, David. "The Use of the Bible in Ethics." In Inerrancy and Hermeneutic, 211-236. Edited by H. Conn. 1988.

Collins, Raymond F. "Scripture and Christian Ethics." Catholic Theological Society of America Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Convention. (1974): 215-53.

Collins taught New Testament for many years at Louvain in Belgium, and is now at Catholic University in Washington, D.C.

Cone, James H. "Biblical Revelation and Social Existence." In Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 21-44. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Crosby, Michael H., O.F.M. "The Biblical Vision of Conversion." In The Human Experience of Conversion: Persons and Structures in Transformation, 31-74. Edited by Francis A. Eigo. Proceedings of the Theology Institute of Villanova University, 29. Villanova: Villanova University Press, 1987.

Crotty, Nicholas, C.P. "Biblical Perspectives in Moral Theology." Theological Studies 26 (1965): 574-595.

Attempts to present the main lines of a biblical ethic in order to clarify its chief features which would characterize any Christian moral doctrine.

Cuenca, J.F. "De la ley del Sinaí a la ley de Cristo." Carthaginensia 3 (1987): 37-55.

Curran, Charles E. "Dialogue with the Scriptures: The Role and Function of the Scriptures in Moral Theology." In Catholic Moral Theology in Dialogue, 24-64. Notre Dame: Fides Publishers, 1972.

Originally appeared in Proceedings of the Catholic Theology Society of America in 1971.

Also found in Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 178-212. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Daly, Robert J., S.J., et. al. "The Bible and Ethics." In Christian Biblical Ethics: From Biblical Revelation to Contemporary Christian Praxis: Method and Content, 66-155. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

. "A Methodology for Applying Biblical Texts to Ethical Decisions." In Christian Biblical Ethics: From Biblical Revelation to Contemporary Christian Praxis: Method and Content, 289-295. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Dayton, Donald W. "The Use of Scripture in the Wesleyan Tradition." In The Use of the Bible in Theology: Evangelical Options 121-136. Edited by Robert K. Johnson. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1985.

Deidun, Tom. “The Bible and Christian Ethics.” In Christian Ethics: An Introduction, 3-46. Edited by Bernard Hoose. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1998.

Delhaye, Philippe. "Le recours à l'Ecriture Sainte dans l'enseignement de la théologie morale." Bulletin des Facultes Catholiques de Lyon 77 (1955): 5-19; 78 (1956): 5-25.

. "Le recours à l'Ecriture Sainte en théologie morale." Esprit et Vie 85 (1975): 33-43; 49-50.

Demmer, Klaus, M.S.C."Vernunftbegründung und biblische Begründung in der Ethik." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 37 (1993): 10-21.

One of several articles in this issue by Protestant and Catholic German theologians discussing various aspects of ecumenical Christian ethics.

Demmer is Professor of Moral Theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Di Giovanni, Alberto. "L'«opzione fondamentale» nella Bibbia." In Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale, 61-82. Atti della XXII Settimana Biblica. Associazione biblica italiana. Brescia: Paideia, 1973.

Di Marino, A. "Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale. Riflessioni di un moralista." Rassegna di Teologia 14 (1973): 10-14.

Di Pinto, Luigi, S.J. "Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale, ricerche recenti, bilancio e prospettive." Rassegna di Teologia 14 (1973): 32-61.

A bibliographical essay on various themes connected with the use of Scripture in moral theology, obviously a bit dated, but still valuable for the history of the movement. Emphasis is on European works, though some mention is made of English language contributions.

Dillmann, Rainer. "Aufbruch zu einer neuen Sittlichkeit: Biblisch-narrative Begründung ethischen Handelns." Theologie und Glaube 82 (1992): 34-35.

Considers Mk 7: 31-35; Lk 13:10-17, and 1 Kings 21:17-19.

Dohmen, Christoph. "Origins and goals of biblical ethics as illustrated by the first commandment of the Decalogue." Communio 29 (1992): 36-57.

In German: "Um unsere Freiheit willen. Ursprung und Ziel biblischer Ethik im «Hauptgebot» des Dekalogs." Communio 21 (1992): 7-24

In Italian: "Per amore della nostra libertà. Origine e fine dell'etica biblica nel `comandamento principale' del decalogo." Communio 121 (1992): 27-46.

In Portuguese: "Por amor da nossa liberdade. E'tica bíblica e «primeiro mandamento» do Decálogo." Communio 9 (1992): 136-152.

Detailed exegetical consideration of the two versions of the Decalogue contained in the Old Testament, considering also their historical context, linguistic formulations, etc. Dohmen stresses the unity of composition of the whole Decalogue as the key for its authentic ethical interpretation: "It follows that the individual commandments of the Decalogue have their meaning only within this unity, a unity that is rooted in God's act of deliverance as described in the prologue. This unity is underscored by the broadly formulated principal commandment, which stipulates that our `image of God' determines our `image of man' to the extent that our relationship with God becomes a mirror of our interhuman relationships. Consequently, every ethical precept derived from the Bible, especially from the Decalogue, needs to orient itself toward the unity and completeness of the Decalogue. Thus, no social commandments may claim their authority from the Decalogue if they stand isolated from the context of its principal commandment and its prologue; neither can there be a `theology of the Decalogue' without a consideration of the social commandments." p. 56.

Dohmen is professor of Old Testament exegesis at the University of Osnabrück, Germany.

Donahue, John R., S.J. "The Challenge of the Biblical Renewal to Moral Theology." In Riding Time Like a River: The Catholic Moral Tradition Since Vatican II, 59-80. Edited by William J. O'Brien. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1993.

Donahue studied under Norman Perrin at the University of Chicago is Professor of Biblical Studies (New Testament) at the Jesuit School of Theology and Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California.

. "What Does the Lord Require? A Bibliographical Essay on the Bible and Social Justice." Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits 25 (March, 1993).

Excellent introductory essay to the major themes of biblical social ethics, plus an annotated bibliography 211 titles thematically arranged, complete with index.

Douma, Jochem. "The Use of Scripture in Ethics." European Journal of Theology ½ (1992): 105-121.

Dreyfus, François. "Hermeneutique biblique des normes morales." In Persona Verità e Morale: Atti del Congresso Internazionale di Teologia Morale (Roma, 7-12 aprile 1986), 621-626. Roma: Città Nuova Editrice, 1987.

Comment dégager la valeur actuelle des normes morales contenues dans la Bible, en respectant leur historicité, c'est-à-dire en dégageant leurs valeurs permanentes au-delà des circonstances concrètes de mentalité de civilisation, de culture dans lesquelles elles ont été promulguées, et qui ne sont plus les nôtres?

Treats the question of how one extracts the contemporary value of moral norms contained in the Bible while continuing to respect the historicity and cultural formation in which the biblical norms are necessarily formulated.

Dreyfus teaches at the Ecole Biblique et Archeologie Française in Jerusalem.

Espinel, J.L. "Biblia y moral cristiana." Ciencia Tomística 113 (1986): 583-595.

Etienne, J. "Théologie morale et renouveau biblique." Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 40 (1964): 232-241.

Evans, C. F. "Difficulties in Using the Bible for Christian Ethics." Modern Churchman ns 26 (3/1984): 27-34.

Federici, Tommaso. "Aspetti Biblici della Solidarietà." Per La Filosofia: Filosofia e insegnamento 7 (1990): 13-25.

Fernández Ramos, F. "Sagrada Escritura y moral cristiana." Salmanticensis 24 (1977): 5-47.

Festorazzi, Franco. "La Sacra Scrittura anima del rinnovamento della teologia morale." La Scuola Cattolica 94 (1966): 91-115.

. "Il valore dell'esperienza e la morale sapienziale." In Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale, 117-146. Atti della XXII Settimana Biblica. Associazione biblica italiana. Brescia: Paideia, 1973.

Fischer, James A., C.M. "Story and Image." In Christian Biblical Ethics: From Biblical Revelation to Contemporary Christian Praxis: Method and Content, 156-169. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Includes treatment of "Human Life as Story" and "The Bible as Ethical Story."

Flynn, Eileen P. "Seminar on Moral Theology: How Scripture Influences the Work of Moral Theologians." Catholic Theological Society of America Proceedings of the Forty-Seventh Annual Convention 47 (1992): 152-153.

Brief report of the Continuing Seminar in Moral Theology on some of the issues in the use of Scripture in Christian ethics.

Forte, Bruno. "Fondazione biblico-teologica dell'etica: Prospettiva cattolica." In Questione etica e impegno ecumenico delle Chiese. Atti dell 23e sessione di formazione ecumenica del Segretariato Attività Ecumeniche (SAE), 40-56. Napoli: Edizioni Dehoniane Napoli, 1986.

Intervento al congresso tenuto a La Mendola (Trento) 27 luglio - 4 agosto 1985.

Paper given at a conference held at La Mendola (Trent, Italy) from 27 July to 4 August 1985.

Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler. "The Ethics of Decentering Biblical Scholarship." Journal of Biblical Literature 107 (1988): 3-17.

France, R.T. "Conversion in the Bible." Evangelical Quarterly 65 (1993): 291-310.

Overview of the biblical theme of conversion. Originally presented as a paper for a "Consultation on Conversion" held in Hong Kong in January 1988.

France is Principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford.

Frey, Christofer. "The function of the Bible in recent Protestant ethics." In Creative biblical exegesis: Christian and Jewish hermeneutics through the centuries, 63-70. Edited by Benjamin Uffenheimer and Henning Graf Reventlow. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1988.

Paper presented at a conference on Creative Biblical Exegesis at Tel-Aviv University, 16-17 December 1985.

Frey is Professor of Christian Ethics on the Evangelisch-Theologische Fakultät of the Ruhr-Universität in Bochum.

Freyne, Seán. "The Bible and Christian Morality." In Introduction to Christian Ethics: A Reader, edited by Ronald P. Hamel and Kenneth R. Himes, O.F.M., 9-32. New York: Paulist Press, 1989.

Also in Morals, Law and Authority, 1-38. Edited by J.P. Mackey. Dayton: Pflaum, 1969.

Froehlich, Herbert."Biblische Zeugnisse gewaltloser Befreiung." Ordensnachrichten 32 (5/1993): 13-18.

English digest: "Biblical Witnesses to Nonviolent Liberation." Theology Digest 41 (1994): 113-116.

Explores examples from both Testaments to indicate that the way of God and Christ does not employ violence. Christians, therefore, may have to suffer violence at times so as not to replace old injustice with new.

Fuchs, Eric. "Faire mémoire du modèle biblique." Dans Ch. 9 de L'Ethique Protestante: Histoire et enjeux, 102-112. Le Champ Ethique, 19. Paris: Les Bergers et les Mages; Genève: Editions Labor et Fides, 1990.

Fuchs, Josef, S.J. "Christian Morality: Biblical Orientation and Human Evaluation." Gregorianum 67 (1986): 745-763.

German original: "Christliche Moral. Biblische Orientierung und menschliche Wertung." Stimmen der Zeit 205 (1987): 37-55.

Italian translation: "Etica cristiana: orientamento biblico e valutazione umana." Cap. 1 in Id. Il Verbo si fa carne; teologia morale, 7-30. Casale Monferrato, Piemme, 1989.

Fuchs is professor emeritus of moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, and one of the leading Roman Catholic moral theologians of the twentieth century.

Gaffney, James. "On Paranesis and Fundamental Moral Theology." The Journal of Religious Ethics 11 (1983): 24-34.

Also found as Chapter 10 in Gaffney's Matters of Faith and Morals, 134-151, (Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, 1987).

This article is a response to Bruno Schüller, S.J.'s 1976 article, "The Debate on the Specific Character of Christian Ethics: Some Remarks," which first appeared in English in 1980 in Readings in Moral Theology, No. 2, 207-233. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

Galbiati, E. "L'uso della Sacra Scrittura nella teologia morale." Rivista del Clero Italiano 61 (1980): 936-943.

Geffré, Claude, O.P. "Autorité des Ecritures et autonomie de la conscience." Le Supplément 155 (1985): 65-73.

Giavini, Giovanni. "Le norme etiche della Bibbia e l'uomo d'oggi." La Scuola Cattolica 100 (1972): 1-15; 83-97.

La prima parte è dedicata a una presentazione sintetica della legislazione mosaica, mentre la seconda parte è sostanzialmente lo stesso testo pubblicato sul titolo "Il discorso della montagna nella problematica attuale circa il valore delle norme etiche del Nuovo Testamento," negli Atti della Settimana Biblica, in Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale: Atti della XXII Settimana Biblica, 253-272. Brescia, 1973.

Part One of the article gives a synthesis of the Mosiac legislation, while Part Two is essentially the same text published as "Il discorso della montagna nella problematica attuale circa il valore delle norme etiche del Nuovo Testamento," (The Sermon on the Mount in light of the contemporary problematic concerning the value of ethical norms of the New Testament), which is found in Atti della Settimana Biblica, in Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale: Atti della XXII Settimana Biblica, 253-272. Brescia, 1973

Gilbert, Maurice, S.J. "Rencontre entre moralistes et exégètes." Revue Théologique de Louvain 5 (1974): 127-128.

Gilbert is on the faculty and former rector of the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome.

Goffi, Tullo. "L'uso della parola di Dio in teologia morale." Rivista di Teologia Morale 3 (1971): 13-23.

Grelot, Pierre. "La Parole de Dieu s'addresse-t-elle à l'homme d'aujourd'hui?" La Maison Dieu 80 (1964): 151-200.

Guevin, Benedict M. "The Moral Imagination and the Shaping Power of the Parables." Journal of Religious Ethics 17 (1989): 63-79.

Discusses how the literary impact of the parable story can affect the shaping of character. Much of Guevin's essay is done in light of the work of Stanley Hauerwas.

Gula, Richard M., S.S. "Scripture in Moral Theology." Chapter 12 in Idem. Reason Informed by Faith: Foundations of Catholic Morality, 165-184. New York: Paulist Press, 1989.

Gula was Professor of Moral Theology for many years at St. Patrick's Seminary in Menlo Park, California, and now is Professor of Moral Theology at the Franciscan School of Theology in Berkeley, California. This selection is taken from his widely-used textbook on moral theology.

Guroian, Vigen. "Bible and Ethics: An Ecclesial and Liturgical Interpretation." Journal of Religious Ethics 18 (1990): 129-157.

Recent scholarship on the relation between Scripture and ethics has often overlooked the ecclesial and liturgical contexts in which the believing communities interpret and apply the Bible. The author aims to correct this omission through investigation of the uses of the Bible in the ecclesial and liturgical contexts of the Orthodox tradition, analyzing, for example, the uses of the beatitudes in Byzantine liturgy, John Chrysostom's homiletics, use of Pauline texts for ethical instruction in the celebration of baptism, etc.

A revised version of this article appears under the title "The Bible in Orthodox Ethics" as chapter 3 in Guroian's Ethics after Christendom: Toward an Ecclesial Christian Ethic, 53-80. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1994.

Guroian teaches theology and ethics at Loyola College in Baltimore.

Gustafson, James M. "The Changing Use of the Bible in Christian Ethics." In Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 133-150. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Gustafson is an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ, and currently Henry R. Luce Professor of Humanities and Comparative Studies at Emory University. Previously he taught at Yale and the University of Chicago. He has studied at the Chicago Theological Seminary, University of Chicago, and his Ph.D. is from Yale (1955), done under H. Richard Niebuhr. He has also taught at Yale and the University of Chicago.

. "The Place of Scripture in Christian Ethics: A Methodological Study." Chapter 6 in Theology and Christian Ethics, 121-145. Philadelphia: Pilgrim Press, 1974.

Also found in Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 151-177. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

This is a very key article for a consideration of many of the methodological issues involved in Scripture and Christian ethics.

. “The Use of Scripture in Christian Ethics.” Studia Theologica 51 (1997): 15-29.

One of several articles in this issue on scriptural ethics.

Hamel, Edouard, S.J. "Ecriture et théologie morale. Un bilan (1940-1980)." Studia Moralia 20 (1982): 177-193.

Cette étude indique les principales étapes du renouveau de la morale par l'Ecriture, entre les années 1940-1980. Une première partie montre comment on est passé du biblicisme des années 1940 à l'attitude plus critique des années 1970-1980. Quelles furent les orientations données par le Magistère sur la question? Pourquoi les Protestants ont connu une crise de la référence biblique en morale? Ces jalons d'histoire sont suivis de quelques réflexions d'ordre méthodologique. Pourquoi et comment retourner à l'Ecriture en morale? Comment l'Eglise primitive a relu ou interprété les textes normatifs de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament?

This study discusses the principal developments in the renewal of moral theology in reference to the usage of Scripture in the years 1940-1980, and considers how the Roman Catholic Magisterium addressed the issue, makes reference to Protestant employment of Scripture in Christian ethics, and moves on to methodological questions of why and how Scripture should be used in moral theology. For an English digest of this article see Hamel’s "Scripture and Moral Theology: 1940-1980." Theology Digest 36 (1989): 203-207.

Hamel was professor of moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University until 1986.

. "La legge morale e i problemi che pone al biblista." In Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale, 23-44. Atti della XXII Settimana Biblica. Associazione biblica italiana. Brescia: Paideia, 1973.

. "Le Magnificat et le Renversement des Situations: Réflexion théologico-biblique." Gregorianum 60 (1979): 55-84.

Examines the theme of the "overview of situations" in the Old and New Testament, as well as Hellenistic literature, and then proceeds to a hermeneutical consideration of the Magnificat for the contemporary Church, concluding that the prayer should be interpreted as an incentive to the promotion of justice.

. "Scripture and Moral Theology: 1940-1980." Theology Digest 36 (1989): 203-207.

A digested form of Hamel's original French article published as "Ecriture et théologie morale. Un bilan (1940-1980)," in Studia Moralia 20 (1982): 177-193.

Hamel distinguishes three stages of moral renewal in the Roman Catholic Church since 1940: 1) addition of brief scriptural introductions to moral tracts; 2) "renewal" of moral theology in the light of charity and the imitation of Christ; and 3) moralists joining forces with exegetes in using Scripture as a decisive force in theology. Meanwhile in the Protestant community since 1940 Hamel discerns an inverse movement, from Biblical "infallibility" to a divided Protestant view with some holding that now there is "too much" Bible in moral theology.

. "Scripture, the Soul of Moral Theology?" In Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 105-132. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

French original: "L'Ecriture âme de la Théologie." Gregorianum 52 (1971): 511-535.

Unpacks the metaphors of "soul" and "nourishment" used by Vatican II to indicate possible roles and applications of Scripture to moral theology. Concludes with a brief look at Pauline morality to illustrate the relationship between a moral theology rooted in both the faith kerygma and human reason. The text was given as a lecture at the University of Sydney (Australia), and follows upon another study published in Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale (Brescia: Paideia, 1973.)

. "La théologie morale entre l'Ecriture et la raison." Gregorianum 56 (1975): 273-319.

Texte d'un rapport rédigé pour la Commission Théologique Internationale.

Text prepared for a meeting of the International Theological Commission, of which Hamel was a member at the time.

Hamel considers the proper role and relationship of Scripture to moral theology, outlining some of the methodological problems, stressing the need for an ongoing hermeneutical application, and discussing in brief how St. Paul utilized both Scripture and contemporary Greek moral philosophy in his Letters.

. "L'usage de l'Ecriture Sainte en théologie morale." Gregorianum 47 (1966): 53-85.

Article written shortly after the approval by the Council of Optatam Totius (Vatican II’s 1965 Decree on the Training for Priests) in October 1965. Perhaps written to allay fears of some moralists as to the both the nature and parameters of the Decree's call for a return to Scripture in moral.

Harrington, Daniel, S.J. “Biblical Studies and Moral Theology.” Church (Winter 1997): 13-18.

Hauerwas, Stanley. "The Moral Authority of Scripture: The Politics and Ethics of Remembering." Interpretation 34 (1980): 356-370.

Also found as Chapter 3 in A Community of Character: Toward a Constructive Christian Social Ethic, 53-71. Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981.

Also found in Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 242-275. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

The moral authority of Scripture depends ultimately about what kind of community the church must be, a life centered on a faithful remembering based on the narratives of Scripture.

Hauerwas (born 1940) is a Methodist who currently is Gilbert T. Rowe Professor of ethics at the Divinity School of Duke University in North Carolina. He studied under James M. Gustafson and for over a dozen years was on the faculty of the University of Notre Dame.

Hendel, Ronald S. "When God acts immorally: is the Bible a good book?" Bible Review 7 (June 1991): 34,37,46,48,50.

Himes, Kenneth R., O.F.M. "Scripture and Ethics: A Review Essay." Biblical Theology Bulletin 15 (1985): 65-73.

Hütter, Reinhard. “Ecclesial Ethics, the Church’s Vocation, and Paraclesis.” Pro Ecclesia 2/4 (1994): 433-450.

Ibáñez, Arana A. "La S. Escritura en la renovación de la teología moral." Lumen 16 (1967): 332-348.

Instituto Superior de Ciencas Morales. See "Vidal, Marciano, et. al."

Kaustermann, A.P. "Biblische Motive als Argumente in Autonomie-Denken der Aufklärung." Theologische Quartelschrift 161 (1981): 33-42.

Kerber, Walter. "Grenzen der biblischen Moral." In Klaus Demmer und Bruno Schüller, Hrsg. Christlich Glauben und Handeln, 112-123. Dusseldorf, 1977.

Italian translation found in Fede cristiana e agire morale. A cura di Klaus Demmer, M.S.C. e Bruno Schüller, S.J. Traduzione italiana di Giuliano Riva. Assisi: Cittadella, 1980. Assisi: Cittadella, 1980.

Lage, Francisco. "Puntos para una introducción al problema de la fundamentacíon bíblica de la moral." Pentacostés 12 (1974): 293-331.

Lamau, M.-L. "Ecriture et éthique. Typologies." Le Supplément 163 (1987): 105-115.

Larue, Gerald A. "Biblical Ethics and Continuing Interpretation." In Biblical and Secular Ethics: The Conflict, 17-28. Edited by R. Joseph Hoffman and Gerald A. Larue. Buffalo: Prometheus Press, 1988.

Larue is Professor Emeritus of Archaeology and Biblical History at the University of Southern California.

Laurenzi, Maria Cristina. "Perché la Scrittura? La letter biblica come fatto etico." Rassegna di Teologia 32 (1991): 233-255.

Lindars, Barnabas. "The Bible and Christian Ethics." In Duty and Discernment, 64-75. Edited by G.R. Dunstan. London: SCM Press, 1975.

Long, Edward LeRoy, Jr. "The Use of the Bible in Christian Ethics." Interpretation 19 (1965): 149-162.

Exposition of Protestant research in the field.

Lorenzetti, Luigi. "L'etica sociale cristiana nel nuovo orizzonte biblico, teologico, ecclesiale." Capitolo 2 in Corso di morale, 23-46. Vol. 4. A cura di Tullo Goffi e Giannino Piana. Brescia: Queriniana, 1985.

MacNamara, Vincent. "The Use of the Bible in Moral Theology." The Month 248 (March, 1987): 104-107.

A brief overview of some of the issues of using Scripture in connection to contemporary moral theology, including some recent use of Scripture in magisterial documents such as Persona humana (1975 Vatican document on sexual ethics issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith document).

Mannucci, Valerio. "Teologia biblica del lavoro. A dieci anni dalla «Laborem Exercens»." Rassegna di Teologia 32 (1991): 443-468.

Mannucci riesamina da biblista la teologia sui cui si fonda l'enciclica col suo ripetuto richiamo alla Genesi che disegna l'uomo nelle sue relazioni fondamentali, di cui il lavoro è tratto essenziale.

Mannucci examines from the perspective of a biblical exegete the theology on Laborem Exercens (Pope John Paul II’s 1981 Encyclical on Work), especially the usage of Genesis which holds that work is foundational to a consideration of the nature of the human person.

Marshall, Christopher. "The Use of Scripture in Ethics." Evangelical Review of Theology 18 (1994): 222-233.

First section of an extended paper which was presented at a symposium on "The Church, State and Justice" at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand on 19 November 1993. Marshall outlines five interrelated sources of Christian ethics and discusses why a sola scriptura approach is inadequate in dealing with many complex contemporary ethical issues.

Marshall is Head of the Department of the New Testament Studies Bible College of New Zealand in Auckland, New Zealand.

Marshall, I. Howard. "Using the Bible in Ethics." In Essays in Evangelical Social Ethics, 39-55. Edited by David F. Wright. Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1973; Wilton CT: Morehouse-Barlow Co., Inc., 1983.

Marshall's essay comes out of the September, 1978 National Evangelical Conference in Hertfordshire, England. He gives a brief overview of the problematic, as well as some traditional approaches to the Bible in ethics. Marshall then concludes with what he terms an "evangelical approach" which is based on a hermeneutical reading of the Bible. To illustrate his approach Marshall employs the Foot-Washing command of John 13:14ff.

McCormick, Richard A., S.J. “Scripture, Liturgy, Character and Morality.” In Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 289-302. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

This article originally appeared in Theological Studies in 1981.

Meier, John P. "The Bible as a Source for Theology." Catholic Theological Society of America Proceedings of the Forty-Third Annual Convention (1988): 1-15.

Meier is professor of New Testament at the Catholic University of America.

Mieth, Dietmar. "Autonomy of Ethics--Neutrality of the Gospel," Concilium 153 (1982): 32-39.

Mieth is a moral theologian.

Moore, Gareth. "Some Remarks on the Use of Scripture in Veritatis Splendor." In The Splendor of Accuracy: An Examination of the Assertions Made by Veritatis Splendor. 71-98. Edited by Joseph A. Selling and Jan Jans. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1994.

Discusses the use of Scripture in Pope John Paul II’s 1993 Encyclical Veritatis Splendor on fundamental moral theology.

Mouw, Richard J. "Commands for Grown-Ups." In Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 66-77. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Mouw is an ethician and president of Fuller Theological Seminary in California.

Navone, John, S.J. "Scripture for Christian Conversion." New Blackfriars 74 (1993): 21-33.

Navone is professor of biblical theology in the Institute of Spirituality of the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Nelson, Paul. "The Place of Biblical Narrative in Christian Ethics." Chapter 6 in Idem. Narrative and Morality: A Theological Inquiry, 85-107. University Park: Pennsylvania State University, 1987.

Brief overview of some principal biblical theologians and Christian ethicians' approaches to Scripture and ethics in the context of narrative.

Revised version of a 1984 doctoral dissertation done at Yale.

O'Connell, Timothy E. "The Moral Law in Scripture." Chapter 12 in Principles for a Catholic Morality, 139-148. Minneapolis: The Seabury Press, 1976, 1978. Revised edition, San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1990.

Is a popular textbook in moral theology for seminarians which aims to replace the old moral manuals, yet without falling into the legalistic approach which characterized that genre.

O'Donovan, Oliver. "The Possibility of a Biblical Ethic." TSF Bulletin 67 (Autumn, 1973): 15-23.

O’Donovan is an evangelical Anglican ethician.

. "Towards an Interpretation of Biblical Ethics." Tyndale Bulletin 27 (1976): 54-78.

van Ouwerkerk, C[onrad].A.J. "Biblisches Ethos und menschlicher Kompromiss." Concilium 1 (1965): 367-374.

Paul VI, Pope. "Iis qui interfuerunt Coetui vigesimo secundo per hebdomadam Romae habito, biblicis studiis provehendis." AAS (Acta Apolostolicae Sedis) 64 (1972): 634-637.

Discourse given in Italian on 29 September 1972 to the Associazione Biblica Italiana on their "Settimana Biblica" (Biblical Week) in which Paul VI speaks of the necessary cooperation between biblical exegetes and moral theologians in the use of Scripture in Christian ethics. The Pope cites Optatam Totius #16 in reference to the place of Scripture in moral, and also quotes Dei Verbum #1, which speaks of the need of the Church to listen to the Word of God, and of the role of the exegete (Dei Verbum #12).

Paul VI was Pope from 1963 to 1978, and presided over the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) after the death of Pope John XXIII in 1963.

. "Membris Pontificiae Commissionis Biblicae Romae plenarium coetum habentibus." AAS (Acta Apolostolicae Sedis) 66 (1974): 235-241.

Allocution given in French on 14 March 1974 to members of the Pontifical Biblical Commission in which Pope Paul VI underlined the necessity of cooperation among biblical exegetes and dogmatic and moral theologians in their respective disciplines.

Pinckaers, Servais, O.P. “‘In the Beginning Was the Word’: Scripture and the Renewal of Moral Theology.” Catholic International (May 1997): 217-223.

Text of a lecture delivered on 20 June 1996. Pinckaers reviews the deficiencies of pre-Vatican moral manuals which paid insufficient attention to Scripture, and argues that moral theology needs to be better nourished by the Sermon on the Mount and Thomas Aquinas’ theology of the New Law, which provides some helpful criteria for reading Scripture, namely, to read Scripture with faith in Christ and with charity. The lecture is rather general and does not involve itself with contemporary authors who deal with Scripture and ethics.

Pinckaers is a moral theologian who teaches in Switzerland and who is often consulted by the Vatican concerning Roman Catholic moral theology.

. "The Use of Scripture and the Renewal of Moral Theology: The Catechism and Veritatis Splendor." The Thomist 59 (1995): 1-19.

Discusses the use of Scripture in Pope John Paul II’s 1993 Encyclical Veritatis Splendor on fundamental moral theology.

Platten, S. “The Biblical Critic and Moral Theologian.” Kings Theological Review 12 (1989): 11-17.

Polk, Timothy. "In the Image: Aesthetics and Ethics through the Glass of Scripture." Horizons in Biblical Theology 8 (1986): 27-59.

Porter, Jean. “Natural Law as a Scriptural Concept: Theological Reflections on a Medieval Theme.” Theology Today 59 (July 2002): 226-243.

While contemporary moral theologians tend to look at biblical and natural law ethics as distinct approaches, for medieval theologians the natural law was seen as a scriptural doctrine since Scripture attested to the existence of a natural law. Aims also to explore the implications for the interpretation of Scripture itself.

Porter is professor of theological ethics at the University of Notre Dame.

Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal. "Magisterium of the Church, Faith, Morality." In Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology, No. 2: The Distinctiveness of Christian Ethics, 174-189. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

Originally appeared in English in Problems of the Church Today, 74-83. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Catholic Conference.

Also found under the title, "The Church's Teaching Authority--Faith--Morals," in Principles of Christian Morality, 47-73. Translated by Graham Harrison. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986.

In German: "Kirchliches Lehramt, Glaube, Moral." In Id., Hrsg. Prinzipien Christlicher Moral, 41-66. Einsiedeln, 1975.

In French: In Joseph Ratzinger et Philippe Delhaye, ed., Principes d'éthique chrétienne. Le Sycomore. Paris: Editions Lethielleux, 1979.

In Italian: in Prospettive di morale cristiana. Contributi di teologia, 3. Ed. Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger. Roma: Città Nuova Editrice, 1986.

Ratzinger attended Vatican II as a peritus (theological expert) and is head of the Vatican’s Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF).

Rivkin, Ellis. "Building a Biblical Foundation for Contemporary Ethics." In Biblical and Secular Ethics: The Conflict, 99-105. Edited by R. Joseph Hoffman and Gerald A. Larue. Buffalo: Prometheus Press, 1988.

Rivista di Teologia Morale. "Rassegna Bibliografica: Etica e Bibbia." Rivista di Teologia Morale 23 (1991): 393-410.

Una rassegna bibliografica dei libri italiani sul tema dell'etica e la Scrittura.

A bibliographical essay of Italian books on the theme of Scripture and ethics.

Robert, Ch. "Morale et Ecriture." Seminarium [N.S.] 11 (1971): 596-622.

Robinson, N.H.G. "How the Bible Speaks to Conscience." In Conscience: Theological and Psychological Perspectives, 72-78. Edited by C. Ellis Nelson. New York: Newman Press, 1973.

Also found in Robinson's own book, Christ and Conscience, 171-178. London: James Nisbet, 1956.

Robinson develops the thesis that conscience is the area where the individual experiences the Spirit of God, and that the Bible is the means by which God addresses the human person today. This address is not so much a narrative as a confrontation with conscience which results in confession, repentance, restitution and change. Uses the story of David and Nathan, plus makes some remarks about Jesus' use of parables.

Sacchi, Alessandro. "La legge naturale nella bibbia." In AA. VV. La legge naturale, 17-59. Studi e ricerche, 4. Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane Bologna, 1970.

Salguero, José, O.P. "Relazione tra l'Antica e la Nuova Alleanza." Angelicum 60 (1983): 165-189.

Schneider, Gerhard. "The Biblical Grounding of Ethical Norms." Theology Digest 22 (1974): 117-120.

Schüller, Bruno, S.J. "The Debate on the Specific Character of Christian Ethics: Some Remarks." In Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds. Readings in Moral Theology No. 2, 207-233. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

Also found as Chapter 1 of Schüller's Wholly Human: Essays on the Theory and Language of Morality, 15-42. Translated by Peter Heinegg. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan; Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1986.

German original: "Zur Discussion über das Proprium einer christlichen Ethik." Theologie und Philosophie 51 (1976): 321-343.

For a good critique of, and response to, Schüller’s position, see James Gaffney’s "On Paranesis and Fundamental Moral Theology." The Journal of Religious Ethics 11 (1983): 24-34. This same article is also found as Chapter 10 in Gaffney's Matters of Faith and Morals, 134-151, (Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, 1987).

Schüller did his doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, and was professor of moral theology at the University of Muenster, Germany.

Schürmann, Heinz. "How Normative Are the Values and Precepts of the New Testament?" In Principles of Christian Morality, 9-44. Translated by Graham Harrison. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986.

Also found under the title, "Report from the International Theological Commission, «The Actual Impact of Moral Norms in the New Testament: Text by Hans Schürmann, Introduction and Commentary by Philippe Delhaye,»" in Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, (New York: Paulist Press, 1984): 78-104.

Also found in International Theological Commission: Texts and Documents (1969-1985), 121-128. Edited by Michael Sharkey. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989.

German original: "Die Frage nach der Verbindlichkeit der neutestamentlichen Wertungen und Weisungen." In Joseph Ratzinger, Hrsg. Prinzipien Christlicher Moral, 9-39. Einsiedeln, 1975.

French translation: "Du caractère obligatoire des normes et directives morales du Nouveau Testament." In Joseph Ratzinger et Philippe Delhaye, ed., Principes d'éthique chrétienne, 37-71. Le Sycomore. Paris: Editions Lethielleux, 1979.

Italian translation: "Sul problema del contenuto e del fondamento dell'ethos cristiano." In Prospettive di morale cristiana. Contributi di teologia, 3. Ed. Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger. Roma: Città Nuova Editrice, 1986.

Schweiker, William. "Iconoclasts, builders, and dramatists: the use of scripture in theological ethics." Annual of the Society of Christian Ethics (1986): 129-162.

Discusses Stanley Hauerwas and Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza.

Segalla, Giuseppe. "L'Ermeneutica biblica femminista di E. Schüssler Fiorenza." Studia Patavina 37 (1990): 585-599.

Discussione critica sulla metodologia di Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza nel suo libro In memoria di lei: Una ricostruzione femminista delle origini cristiane. Edizione italiana a cura di M. Corsani Comba. Torino: Claudiana, 1990.

Critical discussion of Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza’s methodology employed in her In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins. New York: Crossroad, 1983.

Segalla is professor of New Testament Exegesis at the Theological Faculty of Milan.

Spohn, William C. "Jesus and Ethics." Catholic Theological Society of America Proceedings 49 (1994): 40-57.

Presented as a Plenary Address at the 1994 Catholic Theology Society of America (CTSA) Convention.

Spohn studied under James Gustafson at the University of Chicago, taught moral theology at the Jesuit School of Theology-Berkeley for many years, and currently teaches at the University of Santa Clara.

. "Morality on the Way of Discipleship: The Use of Scripture in Veritatis Splendor." In Veritatis Splendor: American Responses, ed. Michael E. Allsopp and John J. O'Keefe, 83-105. Kansas City, M.O.: Sheed & Ward, 1995.

Discusses the use of Scripture in Pope John Paul II’s 1993 Encyclical Veritatis Splendor on fundamental moral theology.

. "Parable and Narrative in Christian Ethics." Theological Studies 51 (1990): 100-114.

Discusses recent biblical scholarship on parables and the approach of narrative theology in reference to their uses in Christian ethics.

. "The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology." Theological Studies 47 (1986): 88-102.

Brief overview of the exegetical, hermeneutical, methodological and theological tasks involved in the employment of Scripture in the area of moral theology.

Ting, John. "Biblical Ethics in a Fallen World." Evangelical Review of Theology 7 (1983): 328-334.

Reprinted from Asian Challenge.

Valdman, Traian. "Fondazione biblico-teologica dell'etica: Prospettiva ortodossa." Questione etica e impegno ecumenico delle Chiese. Atti dell 23e sessione di formazione ecumenica del Segretariato Attività Ecumeniche (SAE), 71-81. Napoli: Edizioni Dehoniane Napoli, 1986.

Intervento al congresso tenuto a La Mendola (Trento) 27 luglio - 4 agosto 1985.

Paper given at a conference held at La Mendola (Trent), Italy from 27 July to 4 August 1985.

Valeri, Mark, and Wilson, John F. "Scripture and Society: From Reform in the Old World to Revival in the New." In The Bible in American Law, Politics, and Political Rhetoric, 13-38. Edited by James Turner Johnson. Philadelphia: Fortress Press; Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1985.

van den Beld, Antonie. "Eschatology and ethics." Theology Digest 27 (1979): 21-24.

Vanoni, Gottfried. "Schalom als zentrale biblische Botschaft." Theologisch-praktische Quartalschrift 141 (1993): 3-12.

English digest: "Shalom and the Bible." Theology Digest 41 (1994): 171-121.

Shalom means more than peace and its opposite is not merely war, but evil and calamity. Shalom is closely related to biblical righteousness, and is God's gift to humankind. For Christians shalom is also understood as the offering of mutual forgiveness.

Vellanickal, M. "Norm of Morality according to the Scripture." Bible Bhashyam 7 (3, 1981): 121-146.

Verhey, Allen. “Scripture and Ethics: Practices, Performances, and Prescriptions.” In Christian Ethics: Problems and Prospects, 18-44. Edited by Lisa Sowle Cahill and James F. Childress. Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 1996.

Article done for the Festschrift for James M. Gustafson made up of contributions from his former students.

Verhey is the Evert J. and Hattie E. Blekkink Professor of Religion at Hope College.

. "The Use of Scripture in Ethics." In Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 213-241. Edited by Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Also found in Religious Studies Review 4 (January, 1978): 28-39.

Wattiaux, Henri. "La réference à l'Ecriture sainte en vue de l'agir moral des chrétiens. Raison d'une option." Revue Théologique de Louvain 14 (1983): 53-70.

Review of Louis-Jean Frahier's Le jugement dernier. Implications éthiques pour le bonheur de l'homme (Mt 25, 31-46). Recherches morales, Synthèses. Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1992.

Wilch, John R. "The Use and Misuse of Scripture in Ethics." Consensus 11 (July 1985): 15-31.

Abstract: Christian ethics is founded upon three major hermeneutical principles: sola scriptura, the distinction between law and Gospel, and solus Christus. Scripture has been misused, e.g., in respect to: not treating a human fetus as a human being and its father not assuming his parental responsibility, men and women not accepting the roles assigned them by God in this world, the church engaging in politics or denying her principles because of political expediency, and building Christian ethics upon so-called inherent human rights. Providing everything Christians need physically and spiritually, God as Creator and Saviour calls them to responsibility and sacrificial service.

Wolbert, Werner. "Die Goldene Regel und das ius talionis." Trier Theologische Zeitschrift 95 (1986): 169-181.

Wright, Christopher J.H. "Bibliography on Biblical Ethics." Transformation 10 (3/1993): 27-33.

. "The Use of the Bible in Social Ethics: Paradigms, Types and Eschatology." Transformation 1 (1984): 11-20.

Abstract: This article examines ways in which the Bible can be validly used in applying it to social ethical issues. In order to avoid the common approach of randomly picking texts, it seeks first to adopt a canonical approach, seeing the Bible as fundamentally a story with a beginning (creation), an end (new creation), and a middle (redemption in history), and then allowing each important section of the biblical story to shed its light on any particular issue that one is bringing inductively to the biblical text. When working deductively, outwards from the text to see its relevance to various issues, the article applies a triangular approach, seeing the Bible's fundamental "angles" as God, humans, and the earth, within which the redemptive triangle also operates, i.e., God, Israel, and the land. This redemptive triangle then extends into the NT church and the social and economic dimensions of its fellowship and ultimately becomes eschatological: God, redeemed humanity, and the new creation. The article mentions a number of polarizations in contemporary social thought which this approach helps to reconcile.

Zemek, George J. "Aiming the Mind: A Key to Godly Living." Grace Theological Journal 5 (1984): 205-227.

Abstract: The Bible is a persistent witness to the fact that behavior flows from a noetic wellspring. Noetic depravity, expressed by various terms and idiomatic combinations in both testaments, necessitates a redirection of man's faculties. Repentance establishes an initial reorientation; however, the Scriptures stress that the key to a godly life-style is a sustained spiritual mind-set. This is the focal point of biblical ethics.

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Books on General Works and/or Methodology

AA.VV. Fondamenti biblici della teologia morale. Atti della XXII Settimana Biblica. Associazione biblica italiana. Brescia: Paideia, 1973.

. L'Ecriture âme de la théologie. Actes du Colloque tenu à Bruxelles du 17 au 19 septembre 1989. Collection IET, 9. Bruxelles: Institut d'Etudes Théologiques, 1990.

Abadamloora, Lucas. Some Modern Attempts Towards Biblical Renewal in Moral Theology (A Study of Some Recent Catholic Authors). Dissertatio ad Doctoratum in Facultate Theologiae Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae. Romae, 1975.

STD doctoral dissertation done under Edouard Hamel, S.J. at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Adler, L. La signification morale des fêtes juives. Genève: Labor et Fides.

Allen, Steve. More Steve Allen on the Bible, Religion and Morality. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1994.

Allen is a well-known American comedian.

Barr, O. Sydney. The Christian New Morality: A Biblical Study of Situation Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.

Bauckham, Richard. The Bible in Politics: How to Read the Bible Politically. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1989.

Discusses how to use the Scriptures to bring political and ethical guidance to modern cultures, while still being aware of the distinctive nature of the biblical texts and their own historico-cultural milieu.

Bauckham is lecturer in the History of Christian Thought at the University of Manchester.

Bilheimer, Robert S. A Spirituality for the Long Haul: Biblical Risk and Moral Stand. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984.

Birch, Bruce C. and Rasmussen, Larry L. Bible and Ethics in the Christian Life. Revised and expanded edition. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1976, 1989.

German translation: Bibel und christliche Ethik. Öffentliche Theologie, 1. München: Christian Kaiser Verlag, 1992.

Reviewed by Eric Mount, Jr. in Theology Today 46 (1990): 438.

Bonnet, G. Au nom de la Bible et de l'Evangile, quelle morale?. Paris, 1978.

Boone, Kathleen C. The Bible Tells Them So: The Discourse of Protestant Fundamentalism. Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.

Discusses how fundamentalists perceive the Bible as their only authority, maintaining at the same time that fundamentalism is not anti-intellectual as such, but rather an intellectual movement of a very particular type.

Reviewed by James Barr in Theology Today 46 (1990): 422.

Brett, P. Love Your Neighbour: The Bible and Christian Ethics Today. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1993.

Bretzke, James T., S.J. Bibliography on Scripture and Christian Ethics. Studies in Religion and Society, 39. Lewiston NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.

This book-length annotated bibliography (364 pages) is a comprehensive and ecumenical bibliography of titles related to Scripture and ethics of titles of both books and periodicals in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Many of the entries contain brief annotations which indicate the scope or thesis of the particular entry. The entries themselves are arranged both according to the Old and New Testament, as well as the individual books and/or authors of the New Testament. Entries are also given according to certain key thematic issues, such as methodology of the interplay and usage of the Bible in ethics, liberation theology and Scripture, biblical authority, feminist issues in biblical hermeneutics, as well as a number of theological themes such as justice and righteousness, the love command, law and gospel, sin and reconciliation, etc. Finally, entries are provided which cover a number of particular ethical themes such as ecology, economics, medical ethics, sexual ethics and gender issues, war and peace. A final section gathers titles which were published prior to the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) which marked a watershed for the greater appropriation of Scripture in the discipline of Roman Catholic moral theology. This bibliography provides a good overview of the vast array of material available, topics covered, and approaches used by authors not only from around the world writing in the five principal Indo-European languages, but also representing all of the major Christian traditions, as well as Jewish ethics and material drawn largely from the Old Testament. Thus, this work will be a valuable reference guide for any individual research project into any of the various areas of biblical ethics, whether the individual principal emphasis be on biblical interpretation and theology or within the field of religious (Christian and/or Jewish) ethics.

Brown, William P., ed. Character and Scripture: Moral Formation, Community, and Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.

22 essays coming from annual meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature.

. The Ethos of the Cosmos: The Genesis of Moral Imagination in the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.

Burton-Christie, Douglas. The Word in the Desert: Scripture and the Quest for Holiness in Early Christian Monasticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Burton-Christie teaches at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, California.

Calle, Flavio. La Sagrada Escritura en la teologia moral: Estudio sobre el pensamiento teologico de Edouard Hamel. Excerpta ex dissertatione ad Doctoratum in Facultate Theologiae Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae. Roma, 1988.

Treats the use of Scripture in moral theology by Edouard Hamel, S.J., who was professor of moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome until 1986.

Carter, Charles W., and Thompson, R. Duane. The Biblical Ethic of Love. American University Studies: Series 7, Theology and Religion, 79. Frankfurt-am-Main, Bern, New York, Paris: Peter Lang, 1990.

The authors explore "the relevance of divine love, as revealed in the Judeo-Christian Scripture, to the ethical decisions and moral conduct of mankind." Topic treated include: the inadequacy of humanistic ethics, the Ten Commandments, ethics of the Old Testament Prophets and Wisdom literature, ethics of the New Testament. Attention is also given to the ethics of John Wesley, and Christian ethics in relation to the state, military defense, public education, the family, and other trends in contemporary Christian ethics.

Carter is scholar-in-residence, and Thompson is professor of philosophy and religion at Indiana Wesleyan University.

Clark, Michael, O.M.I. The Use of Sacred Scripture in the Moral Theology of Father Bernard Häring, C.Ss.R. Excerpta ex dissertatione ad Doctoratum in Facultate Theologiae Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae. Roma, 1979.

Much of this material can also be found in Clark’s "The Major Scriptural Themes in the Moral Theology of Father Bernhard Häring." (Two parts). Studia Moralia 30 (1992): 3-16; 277-288. This two-part article which traces the overall vision and development of Häring's use of Scripture in his writings in moral theology. Häring (born 1912) is a major Roman Catholic moral theologian who sought to incorporate Scripture into his approach to moral theology, and who taught moral theology for a number of years at the Academia Alphonsianum in Rome.

Clark is a professor of Scripture at the Oblate College of Mary Immaculate in Washington, D.C.

Collins, Raymond F. Christian Morality: Biblical Foundations. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.

Collins taught New Testament for many years at Louvain in Belgium, and is now at Catholic University in Washington, D.C.

Cosgrove, Charles H. Appealing to Scripture in Moral Debate: Five Hermeneutical Rules. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.

One of his “rules” is that the purpose or justification behind a moral rule should carry more interpretive weight than the scriptural expression of the rule itself. Another rule is the rule of analogy which suggests this as an appropriate mode for the application of Scripture to a given issue. Cosgrove also puts forth a rule of counter cultural witness which should give greater voice to the marginalized and powerless in society (over the dominant voices of a culture).

Reviewed by Paul N. Alexander in Religious Studies Review 29 (July 2003): 275-276.

Cranfield, C.E.B. The Bible and Christian Life. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1985.

Curran, Charles E. and McCormick, Richard A., S.J., eds. Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Contains a good cross-section of representative theologians, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, on the use of Scripture in Christian ethics. Each individual article is listed separately in this bibliography.

Daly, Robert J., S.J., ed. Christian Biblical Ethics: From Biblical Revelation to Contemporary Christian Praxis: Method and Content. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Contributions by Robert Daly, James A. Fischer, Terence J. Keegan, Anthony J. Tambasco, L. John Topel, and Frederick E. Schuele. Done in consultation with the Catholic Biblical Association Task Force.

Dewar, Lindsay. An Outline of New Testament Ethics. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1949.

Duchrow, Ulrich, and Liedke, Gerhard. Shalom: Biblical Perspectives on Creation, Justice and Peace. Geneva: WCC Publications, 1989.

In German: Schalom: Der Schöpfung Befreiung, den Menschen Gerechtigkeit, den Völkern Frieden. Stuttgart: Kreuz Verlag, 1987.

Written in part for the 1990 Seoul World Council of Churches (WCC) Conference on Justice, Peace, and the Integrity of Creation.

Reviewed by Newton B. Fowler, Jr. in Mid-Stream 29 (1990): 442-444.

Eenigenburg, Elton M. Biblical Foundations and a Method for Doing Christian Ethics. Edited by Susan E. Eenigenburg. Lanham: University Press of America, 1993.

Eenigenburg was Professor Christian Ethics and Philosophy of Religion at Western Theological Seminary.

Everding, H. Edward, and Willbanks, Dana W. Decision-Making and the Bible. Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1975.

Fabris, Rinaldo. La virtù del coraggio. La «franchezza» nella Bibbia. Martyria, 1. Casale Monferrato: Piemme, 1985.

Farley, Benjamin W. In Praise of Virtue: An Exploration of the Biblical Virtues in a Christian Context. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995.

Farley examines both the Old and the New Testament and applies their teachings on moral character to the Christian life today. In the process, Farley critically reviews the current philosophical and theological interest in virtue, engages the Aristotelian, Thomist, and modern views of virtue, incorporates and responds to feminist concerns, and discusses the importance of the biblical virtues for our pluralistic age.

Fewell, Danna Nolan, and Phillips, Gary A., eds. Bible and Ethics of Reading. Semeia 77 (1997).

Fourteen essays, mostly in a post-modern context, with topics covering a wide range.

Reviewed by Fred W. Burnett in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999): 297-298.

Fischer, James A., C.M. Looking for Moral Guidance: Dilemmas and the Bible. New York: Paulist Press, 1993.

Brings Scripture to bear on ethical decision making.

Forlines, F. Leroy. Biblical Ethics: Ethics for Happier Living. Nashville: Randall House, 1973.

Designed as a basic textbook for either college or church courses.

Fowl, Stephen E., and Jones, L. Gregory. Reading in Communion: Scripture and Ethics in Christian Life. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1991.

The authors, an Anglican and a United Methodist, maintain that recent writing on the relevance of the Bible to contemporary ethical issues has placed too much emphasis on an agenda set by professional exegetes and ethicians. According to the authors, it is the vocation of all Christians to embody Scripture in their lives, and therefore believers need to develop the moral and theological judgment that will enable them to discern faithfully Scripture's claims on contemporary life. Fowl and Jones develop their argument in relation to the friendships and practices of Christian communities, analyzing "interpretive disputes" among Christians, and also by stressing the importance of listening to the voices of outsiders. A final chapter considers Dietrich Bonhoeffer as a model "performer" of Scripture.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 74 (1993): 375-376; and by William C. Spohn in Theological Studies 53 (1992): 597.

Both authors taught theology at the time at Loyola College, Baltimore.

Furger, Franz, Hrsg. Biblische Ethik: Fragen und Antworten. Freiburg Schweiz: Kanisius Verlag, 1974.

Short booklet, with contributions from Furger, Fredrich Beutter, Eugen Ruckstuhl and Hermann-Josef Venetz. Topics include: Freiheit, Gebote, Verschiedene Wertung biblischer Forderungen, Fordert Jesus die Revolution?, Sklaven, Arme, Ehelosigkeit, Unkeuschheit, Ehebruch, and Onanie.

Gallagher, John, C.S.B. The Basis for Christian Ethics. New York: Paulist Press, 1985.

See especially Part II, "The Criteria for Moral Judgment: Sacred Scripture," Chapters 8-13, pp. 65-125. Chapters 8 and 9 discuss the Old Testament, Chapters 10-12 the New Testament, and Chapter 13 is on the relation of Scriptural ethics to non-scriptural ethics.

Gardner, E. Clinton. Biblical Faith and Social Ethics. New York: Harper & Row, 1960.

de Gennaro, G., A cura di. L'antropologia bilbica. Napoli, 1982.

Gerhardsson, Birger. The Ethos of the Bible. Translated by Stephen Westerholm. Philadelphia: Fortress Press; London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1981.

Grelot, Pierre. Problèmes de morale fondamentale. Un éclairage biblique. Recherches Morale, 6. Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1982.

Hagen, Kenneth, Daniel J. Harrington, S.J., Grant Osborne, Joseph A. Burgress. The Bible in the Churches: How Different Christians Interpret the Scriptures.

Biblical scholars from the Lutheran, Roman Catholic, and Evangelical Churches discuss how Scripture is viewed in their respective traditions.

Hanson, Paul D. The People Called: The Growth of Community in the Bible. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986.

See especially Chapter 15, "The Biblical Notion of Community: Contemporary Implications," 467-518; and the Appendix, "Underlying Presuppositions and Method," 5-19-546.

Reviewed by Walter Harrelson in Journal of the American Academy of Religion 58 (1990): 283-285.

Hanson is Bussey Professor of Divinity and of Old Testament at Harvard University.

Harrison, R.K., ed. Encyclopedia of Biblical and Christian Ethics. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1987.

Hauerwas, Stanley. Unleashing the Scripture: Freeing the Bible from Captivity to America. Nashville : Abingdon Press, 1993.

Includes twelve sermons preached by Hauerwas on various topics.

Hoffman, R. Joseph, and Larue, Gerald A., eds. Biblical and Secular Ethics: The Conflict. Buffalo: Prometheus Press, 1988.

Contributions which came out of a meeting of social philosophers, biblical scholars, and ethicians which met at the University of Richmond in the autumn of 1986 under the sponsorship of the Committee for the Scientific Examination of Religion (CSER) and its Biblical Criticism Research Project.

Hynson, Leon O., and Scott, Lane A., eds. Christian Ethics: An Inquiry into Christian Ethics from a Biblical Theological Perspective. Wesleyan Theological Perspectives, 3. Anderson IN: Warner Press, 1983.

This book is divided into two parts: Part I contains essays on Old and New Testament Ethics, as well as a consideration of John Wesley's Ethics and a discussion of Christian perfection as love for God; Part II addresses contemporary issues, such as abortion, homosexuality, economy, etc., though not necessarily from a strictly biblical ethical point of view.

Contents: "Introduction," L. Hynson and L. Scott; "The Ethics of the Old Testament, V. Hamilton; "New Testament Ethics," R. Wall; "Counterforce: A Review of Wesley's Ethics," J. Mercer; "Christian Perfection as Love for God," W. Johnson; "Abortion," H. Kuhn; "Homosexuality," W. Sailer; "Divorce and the Remarriage of Divorced Persons," L. Scott; "The Economy of God and the Ecology of the Church," H. Snyder; "The Church: Tomorrow's People for Today's World," B. Callen; "The Ordered State and Christian Responsibility; L. Hynson; "A Christian View of the Arts," R. Thompson.

Jersild, Paul T. Spirit Ethics: Scripture and the Moral Life. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000.

Author writes out of the Lutheran tradition, arguing that the Bible is normative not so much on the level of deontological norms as material absolutes, but as universal ideals (what might be termed formal norms). Attention must be paid to both context and contemporary culture in the application of the Bible to the world of ethics and Jersild applies his own method to three issues: physician assisted suicide, homosexuality, and human genetics.

Reviewed by William C. Spohn in Theological Studies 61 (December 2000): 194-195.

Jones, David Clyde. Biblical Christian Ethics. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1994.

Looks at the Biblical view of goals and motives for Christian living, and then looks at a variety of moral dilemmas such as sexuality, economic justice, and truthfulness.

Jordan, Ben. "The Use of Scripture in the Ethics of H. Richard Niebuhr." Ph.D. Dissertation. Atlanta: Emory University, 1974.

Kaye, B.N., and Wenham, G.J. Law, Morality and the Bible. Downers Grove IL: Intervaristy Press, 1978.

Keeling, Michael. The Foundations of Christian Ethics. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1990.

Concentrating on three themes: sexuality, property, and political power, Keeling examines the foundations of Christian ethics in the Bible and their embodiment in the Church. Follows a chronological structure and considers the influence of liberation theology on perceptions of social justice.

Kimpel, Benjamin Franklin. Moral Principles in the Bible: A Study of the Contribution of the Bible to Moral Philosophy. New York: Philosophical Library, 1956.

Kotva, Joseph J., Jr. The Christian Case for Virtue Ethics. Moral Traditions and Moral Arguments Series. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1996.

See especially Ch. 5 “Biblical Connections” (which discusses Paul and the Gospel of Matthew) and Ch. 6 “Theological and Biblical Objections” for a discussion of how the Bible can figure in the development of a Christian approach to virtue ethics.

Revised version of Kotva’s doctoral dissertation done at Fordham University.

Kotva is pastor of the First Mennonite Church in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Kraemer, Hendrick. The Bible and Social Ethics. Social Ethics Series, 5. Facet Books. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1965.

In this short booklet Kraemer, a Dutch layman, calls for a renewal in the Christian social ethic which will be more faithful to the Bible and at the same time more relevant to the modern situation.

Originally presented as lectures at the Ecumenical Institute IV at the WCC conference center at Château de Bossey, Switzerland.

Lambrecht, Jan, S.J. Eh bien! Moi Je vous dis. Lectio Divina, 125. Paris: Editions de Cerf, 1986.

Lambrecht is a New Testament exegete.

La Rondelle, H.K. Perfection and Perfectionism: A Dogmatic-Ethical Study of Biblical Perfection and Phenomenal Perfectionism. Andrews Monographs, Studies in Religion, 3. Berrien Springs MI: Andrew University Press, 1984.

Lohfink, Norbert. Il sapore della speranza. Nella Bibbia e nella teologia. Casale Monferrato: Piemme, 1989.

Tradotto dal tedesco.

Translated from the German.

Lohfink is professor of Old Testament Exegesis at Sankt Georgen in Frankfurt-am-Main.

Long, Edward LeRoy, Jr. To Liberate and Redeem: Moral Reflections on the Biblical Narrative. Foreword by J. Philip Wogaman. Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 1997.

Takes a contrasting approach to that of Stanley Hauerwas, Long discusses how contemporary moral decisions can be enlightened by considering the biblical stories of persons and groups who confronted similar concerns.

Maston, T.B. (Thomas Buford). Biblical Ethics: A Survey. Cleveland: World Publishing Co., 1967.

McKenzie, John L. Source: What the Bible Says About the Problems of Contemporary Life. Chicago: Thomas More Press, 1981.

Reviewed by Paul S. Berg in Theology Today 42 (1986): 268.

McDonald, James I.H. (James Ian Hamilton). Biblical Interpretation and Christian Ethics. New Studies in Christian Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

McKim, Donald K. What Christians Believe About the Bible. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1985.

Treats the theme of how Christians, Roman Catholic and Protestant, interpret the Bible both in its historical dimension, as well as contemporary approaches such as Story Theology, Liberation Theology, Process Theology, etc.

Mott, Stephen Charles. Biblical Ethics and Social Change. Oxford University Press, 1982.

Reviewed by Beverly J. Crute in Theology Today 39 (1983): 483.

Muilenburg, James. The Way of Israel: Biblical Faith and Ethics. New York: Harper, 1961.

Murray, John. Principles of Conduct: Aspects of Biblical Ethics. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1957.

Niebuhr, H. Richard. The Kingdom of God in America. New York, Evanston, and London: Harper and Row, 1937.

H[elmut] Richard Niebuhr lived from 1894-1962 and was professor of Christian ethics at Yale University.

. The Meaning of Revelation. New York: Macmillan, 1941 and 1960.

Quite an important book for detailing a theological approach to the reading and usage of Scripture in ethics. This work has been quite influential in the work of a range of theologians since its publication.

Oden, Thomas C. John Wesley's Scriptural Christianity: A Plain Exposition of His Teaching on Christian Doctrine. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994.

Ogletree, Thomas. The Use of the Bible in Christian Ethics: A Constructive Essay. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984.

Reviewed by Gary Comstock in Journal of Religion 66 (1986): 213-214.

Ogletree was at the time Professor of Theological Ethics at Drew University in Madison, New Jersey.

Patte, Daniel. Ethics of Biblical Interpretation: a Reevaluation. Nashville TN: Cokesbury; Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1995.

This highly confessional book chronicles the process by which the author became conscious of the fallacy of detached, disinterested exegesis and plunged into the world of multidimensional readings of biblical texts.

Pausch, Alfons, und Pausch, Jutta. Steuern in der Bibel. Köln: Dr. Otto Schmidt Verlag, 1986.

Rogerson, John W., et. al., eds. The Bible in Ethics: The Second Sheffield Colloquium. JSOT Supplement Series, 207. Sheffield Academic Press, 1995.

This colloquium included biblical scholars and ethicians who gathered to discuss appropriate ways of using the Bible to face the ethical challenges of the late twentieth century.

Salm, C. Luke, ed. Readings in Biblical Morality. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1967.

Schneiders, Sandra M., I.H.M. The Revelatory Text: Interpreting the New Testament as Sacred Scripture. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991.

Excellent work on biblical interpretation and hermeneutical theory, particular that of Hans Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur. While not explicitly dealing with the interplay between Scripture and ethics, the book is nevertheless quite useful in approaching methodological issues of the exegesis and interpretation of biblical texts and their subsequent application to ethical issues.

Schneiders is professor of New Testament and Spirituality at the Jesuit School of Theology in Berkeley, California.

Shin, In Hyun. "A Biblical Study of Specific Texts from the Perspective of Moral Education for Young Adults in the Presbyterian Church of Korea." Thesis (D. Min.)--San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1987.

Siker, Jeffrey S. Scripture and Ethics: Twentieth-Century Portraits. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Analyzes eight twentieth-century Protestant and Catholic theologians’ use of Scripture in their respective works: Reinhold Niebuhr, H. Richard Niebuhr, Bernhard Häring, Paul Ramsey, Stanley Hauerwas, Gustavo Gutiérrez, James Cone, and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Siker addresses five questions to each author’s work: 1) which biblical texts are used; 2) how are the texts used; 3) how does the author envision biblical authority; 4) what kind of hermeneutics are employed; and 5) what does the respective author’s approach to the Bible yield in terms of Christian ethics. A concluding chapter focuses on the authors’ respective appropriations of the Sermon on the Mount.

Reviewed by Lisa Sowle Cahill in Horizons 25 (Spring 1998): 131-133; and by Göran Bexell in Studies in Christian Ethics 12 (1/1999): 128-131.

Siker is an ordained Presbyterian minister and Associate Professor of Theology at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles.

Sire, James W. Scripture Twisting. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980.

Describes 20 different ways that cults misread the Bible.

Sleeper, C. Freeman. The Bible and the Moral Life. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1992.

Looks at how various churches use the Bible to address contemporary ethical issues, particularly nuclear war and abortion, and also considers the issue of biblical authority in terms of four major styles of moral reflection, i.e., law, prophecy, apocalypse, and wisdom. The book is designed for adult study groups and contains practical exercises.

Sleeper is Professor of Religion at Roanoke College in Salem, Virginia.

Smith, Adrian B. Applying Scripture to Life. Eldoret, Kenya: Gaba Publications, 1978.

Spicq, Ceslas, O.P. Connaissance et Morale dans la Bible. Etudes d'Ethique Chrétienne, 13. Fribourg: Editions Universitaires Fribourg Suisse; Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1985.

Spohn, William C. What Are They Saying About Scripture and Ethics?. Rev. ed., New York: Paulist Press, 1984, 1995.

Discusses five principal models or ways in which Scripture is and has been used in Christian ethics and/or moral theology, with illustrations from well-known Protestant and Roman Catholic theologians, including Divine Command (Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer) Moral Reminder ( Josef Fuchs, S.J. and Bruno Schüller, S.J.), Liberation (e.g., Gustavo Gutiérrez), Response to Revelation (H. Richard Niebuhr), Call to Discipleship (e.g., Stanley Hauerwas), and Spohn’s model of Responding Love (based partially on Spohn’s work on Jonathan Edwards’ notion of religious affections). The original 1984 edition contains a discussion of Rudolf Bultmann, Sallie McFague, Letty Russell, Phyllis Trible and John Howard Yoder; treatment of these authors has been largely dropped from the revised edition. Very good introduction to the field.

Spohn studied under James Gustafson at the University of Chicago, taught moral theology at the Jesuit School of Theology-Berkeley for many years, and currently teaches Christian ethics at the University of Santa Clara.

Stöhr, Martin, Hrsg. Zur biblischen Begründung sozial-ethischen Handelns. Arnoldshainer Texte, 37. Frankfurt-am-Main: Haag + Herchen Verlag, 1985.

Stuhlmacher, Peter. Reconciliation, Law and Righteousness: Essays on Biblical Theology. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986.

Translated from the German.

de Surgy, Paul, ed., Ecriture et pratique chrétienne, Congrès de l'ACFEB (Association Catholique Française pour l'Etude de la Bible), Angers 1977. Lectio Divina 96. Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1978.

Avec la participation [with contributions from] de P. de Surgy, B. Renaud, P. Arribard, Ch. Perrot, A. Juabert, A. Dumas, R. Simon, L. Panier, F. Dumortier, P. Valadier, et F. Refoulé.

Targonski, F. Morale biblica e teologia morale. Roma, 1982.

Thorsen, Donald A. D. The Wesleyan Quadrilateral: Scripture, Tradition, Reason, and Experience as a Model of Evangelical Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990.

Tübinger Theologischen Fachschaftsinitiativen, Hrsg. Bibel und Befreiung. Beiträge zu einer nichtidealistischen Bibellektüre. Münster: Edition Liberación; Freiburg, Schw.: Exodus, 1985.

Veijola, T., ed. The Law in the Bible and in its Environment. Helsinki: The Finnish Exegetical Society; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1990.

Vidal, Marciano; Lage, Francisco; y Ruiz-Mateos, Alfonso., edd. Perspectivas de moral bíblica. Estudios de Etica Teologica. Madrid: Instituto Superior de Ciencas Morales, PS Editorial, 1984.

Wallis, Jim. Agenda for Biblical People. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.

Wallis is a well-known evangelical pastor, justice activist, and founder of the progressive periodical, Sojourners.

Reviewed by Paul H. Sherry in Theology Today 34 (1978): 199.

. The Call to Conversion. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981.

Addresses two fundamental questions: What is the nature of authentic conversion? and How can we heed the biblical call to conversion today? Wallis presents a new social vision grounded in the gospel, and directions for action in justice issues.

White, R.E.O. The Changing Continuity of Christian Ethics. Volume 1: Biblical Ethics. Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1979.

Reviewed by Lewis B. Smedes in Theology Today 38 (1982): 400.

Volume 2, "The Insights of History" was published in 1981.

Wilder, Amos N. Kerygma, Eschatology, and Social Ethics. Facet Books: Social Ethics Series, no. 12. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1966.

Wright, Christopher J.H. Human Rights: A Study in Biblical Themes. Grove Booklet on Ethics, 31. Downers Grove Il: Grove Books, 1979.

. Using the Bible in Social Ethics. Grove Booklet on Ethics, 51. Downers Grove Il: Grove Books, 1983.

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ETHICS IN THE HEBREW SCRIPTURES AND/OR JEWISH ETHICS

Articles on Ethics in the Hebrew Scriptures and/or Jewish Ethics

Ahituv, Shmuel. "Land and Justice." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 11-28. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Allen, L.C. "Micah's Social Concern." Vox Evangelica 8 (1973): 22-32.

Alvarez, Barredo, M. "Culto y ética: su conexión en el Salmo 15." Carthaginensia 5 (1989): 3-17.

Amir, Yehoshua. "Measure for Measure in Talmudic Literature and in the Wisdom of Solomon." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 29-46. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Amit, Yairah. "The Jubilee Law--An Attempt at Instituting Social Justice." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 47-59. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Arnaldich, Luis. "Interpretación exegético-teológica del relato de la Torre de Babel (Gen 11, 1-9)." In La Etica Bíblica, 245-269. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

Auneau, Joseph. "De la justice d'Amos à la justice de Paul." La Vie Spirituelle 72 (1992): 307-322.

Bailey, Kenneth C. “The Decalogue as Morality and Ethics.” Theology Today 20 (1964): 183-195.

Bailey, Randall C. “They’re Nothing but Incestuous Bastards: The Polemical Use of Sex and Sexuality of Hebrew Canon Narratives.” In Reading from This Place: Vol. I: Social Location and Biblical Interpretation in the United States, 121-138. Edited by Fernando F. Segovia and Mary Ann Tolbert. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995.

Barton, John. "Approaches to Ethics in the Old Testament." In Beginning Old Testament Study, 113-130. Edited by John Rogerson. London: SPCK, and Philadelphia: Westminister, 1982.

Barton is Oriel and Laing Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture at the University of Oxford.

. "The Basics of Ethics in the Hebrew Bible." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 11-22.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

. "Ethics in Isaiah of Jerusalem." Journal of Theological Studies 32 (1981): 1-18.

. "Natural Law and Poetic Justice in the Old Testament." Journal of Theological Studies 39 (1979): 1-14.

. "Understanding Old Testament Ethics." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 9 (1978): 44-64.

Berkovits, Eliezer. "The Biblical Meaning of Justice." Judaism 18 (1969): 188-209.

Survey of various meanings of the term "justice" in Hebrew Scriptures.

Bianchi, Enzo. "The Status of Those without Dignity in the Old Testament." Concilium 130 (1979): 3-11.

One of a series of articles under the general theme, "The Dignity of the Despised of the Earth."

Biesinger, A. "Zur Relevanz des Dekalogs für die ethische Erziehung." Theologische Quartelschrift 164 (1984): 281-293.

Bird, Phyliss A. "`Male and Female He Created Them': Gen. 1:27b in the Context of the Priestly Account of Creation." Harvard Theological Review 74 (1981): 129-159.

Birch, Bruce C. "Moral Agency, Community, and the Character of God in the Hebrew Bible." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 23-41.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

Blank, Sheldon H. "The Hebrew Scriptures as a Source for Moral Guidance." In Scripture in the Jewish and Christian Traditions: Authority, Interpretation, Relevance, 168-182. Edited by Frederick E. Greenspahn. Nashville: Abingdon, 1982.

Bloom, A. "Human Rights in Israel's Thought." Interpretation 8 (1954): 422-432.

Bohlen, Reinhold. "Die Rutrolle--Ein aktuelles Beispiel narrativer Ethik im Alten Testament." Trier Theologische Zeitschrift 101 (1992): 1-19.

. "Zur Sozialkritik des Propheten Amos." Trier Theologische Zeitschrift 95 (1986): 282-301.

Botterweck, Gerhard J. "The Form and Growth of the Decalogue." Concilium 5 (1/1965): 33-44.

Bramlik, G. "Das Deuteronomium und die Menschenrechte." Theologische Quartelschrift 166 (1986): 8-24.

Briend, Jacques. "Honore ton père et ta mère." Christus 31 (122, 1984): 203-216.

Jesus' often paradoxical attitude toward this commandment reflected the conflict between the role of parents in transmitting God's word to their children, and Jesus' call to revelation and discipleship.

"Le paradoxe existe, mais il s'explique si on rapelle que le rôle des parents est, entre autres, de transmettre la parole de Dieu à leurs enfants. Or, face à la révélation qu'apporte Jésus comme envoyé du Père, les liens familiaux peuvent constituer des obstacles, car les parents peuvent s'opposer à ce que leurs enfants puissent devenir disciples de Jésus. Dès lors ils ne remplissent plus le rôle qui était le leur avec l'irruption de la Bonne Nouvelle de Jésus-Christ. En passant de l'ancienne à la nouvelle alliance les parents, compris comme ceux qui sont chargés de transmettre la parole de Dieu, sont confrontés eux-mêmes à celui qui est le Verbe fait chair; en fonction des choix qu'ils font des tensions peuvent naître au sein d'une même famille. La croix de Jésus est un signe de contradiction qui peut bouleverser les rapport entre parents et enfants tels qu'ils étaient définis dans le judaïsme." p. 215.

Brin, Gershon. "The Development of Some Laws in the Book of the Covenant." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 60-70. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Burrows, Millar. "Old Testament Ethics and the Ethics of Jesus." In Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam), 215-223. Edited by James L. Crenshaw and John T. Willis. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Butler, Sr. M. Pierce, M.S.B.T. "Must We Teach Morality according to the Decalogue?" Worship 37 (1963): 293-300.

Cahill, Lisa Sowle. "`Male and Female': Sexual Differentiation in Genesis." Chapter 3 in Idem. Between the Sexes: Foundations for a Christian Ethics of Sexuality. New York: Paulist Press; and Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985.

Cañellas, G. "La preocupación social en el Antiguo Testamento." Verdad y Vida 48 (1990): 137-163.

Carny, Pin'has. "Theodicy in the Book of Quohelet." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 71-81. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Casabó Suqué, J.M. "La justicia en el Antiguo Testamento." Stromata 25 (1969): 3-20.

Cavedo, Romeo. "Morale dell'Antico Testamento e del Giudaismo." In Nuovo Dizionario di Teologia Morale, 770-786. A cura di Francesco Compagnoni, Giannino Piana, e Salvatore Privitera. Cinisello Balsamo: Edizioni Paoline, 1990.

Chrostowski, Waldemar. "An examination of conscience by God's people as exemplified in Neh 9:6-37." Biblische Zeitschrift 34 (1990): 253-261.

Collins, Raymond F. "Obedience, Children and the Fourth Commandment--A New Testament Perspective." Louvain Studies 4 (1972): 157-173.

Collins taught New Testament for many years at Louvain in Belgium, and is now at Catholic University in Washington, D.C.

. "The Ten Commandments." Part Two, chs. 2-4, in Christian Morality: Biblical Foundations, 49-97. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.

Chapter 2: "The Ten Commandments in Current Perspective," pp. 49-63. Chapter 3: The Ten Commandments and the Christian Response, pp. 64-81. Chapter 4: The Fourth Commandment--For Children or for Adults?," pp. 82-97.

Cooper, Howard. "Sin in Biblical and Rabbinical Thought." The Month 254 (September/October 1993): 348-354.

One of a series of articles on various theological aspects of sin. Cooper looks at the various ways "sin" is presented in the Hebrew Scriptures and rabbinic interpretation.

Cooper is a rabbi and psychotherapist.

Craghan, John F. "Sin, Cleansing and Restoration." The Bible Today 31 (1993): 68-72.

Focuses on Psalm 51, and is one of several articles in this issue on the theme of "The Bible on Sin."

Crüsemann, Frank. "Dominion, Guilt, and Reconciliation: The Contribution of the Jacob Narrative in Genesis to Political Ethics." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 67-77.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

Dass, Maria. “The Divorce (?) Formula in Hos 2:4a.” Indian Theological Studies 24 (March/June/September 1997): 56-88.

Argues that Hosea 2:4a does not contain a divorce formula but only a negation of the marriage formula.

David, Robert. "Prolégomènes à l'étude écologique des récits de Gn 1-11." Eglise et théologie 22 (1991): 275-292.

Davidson, R. "Some Aspects of the Old Testament Contribution to the Pattern of Christian Ethics." Scottish Journal of Theology 12 (1959): 373-387.

Davies, Eryl W. "Ethics of the Hebrew Bible: The Problem of Methodology." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 43-53.

Outlines some of the methodological problems of the study of Old Testament ethics when the focus is limited to the functions of Israelite law, since ethical values, conduct, and obligations frequently go beyond what is legally prescribed or proscribed. Also considers how a "natural law" type of ethics might be operative in both ancient Israel and some of the biblical texts of the Old Testament.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

Day, John N. “The Imprecatory Psalms and Christian Ethics.” Bibliotheca Sacra 159 (April–June 2002): 166-186.

Day is Senior Pastor of the Bellewood Presbyterian Church in Bellevue, Washington.c

Delhaye, Philippe. "Le recours à l'Ancien Testament dans l'étude de la théologie morale." Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 31 (1955): 637-657.

Dempsey, Carol J., O.P. "Economic Injustice in Micah." The Bible Today 32 (1994): 272-276.

One of several articles on biblical economic justice in this issue.

Devasahayam, Jebaraj. "Understanding Violence: Learning from the Old Testament." ATA Journal 2 (1994): 5-15.

DeVito, Robert. “Questions about the Construction of (Homo)sexuality: Same-Sex Relations in the Hebrew Bible.” In Sexual Diversity and Catholicism: Toward the Development of Moral Theology, 108-122. Edited Patricia Beattie Jung with Joseph Andrew Coray. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2001.

Dillmann, Rainer. "Aufbruch zu einer neuen Sittlichkeit: Biblisch-narrative Begründung ethischen Handelns." Theologie und Glaube 82 (1992): 34-35.

Considers Mk 7: 31-35; Lk 13:10-17, and 1 Kings 21:17-19.

Dion, Paul E. "Changements sociaux et législatifs dans le Deutéronome." Eglise et théologie 24 (1993): 343-360.

Dohmen, Christoph. "Origins and goals of biblical ethics as illustrated by the first commandment of the Decalogue." Communio 29 (1992): 36-57.

German original: "Um unsere Freiheit willen. Ursprung und Ziel biblischer Ethik im «Hauptgebot» des Dekalogs." Communio 21 (1992): 7-24

Italian translation: "Per amore della nostra libertà. Origine e fine dell'etica biblica nel `comandamento principale' del decalogo." Communio 121 (1992): 27-46.

Spanish translation: "Para neustra libertad. Origen y objeto de la ética bíblica en el primer mandamento del Decálogo." Communio 14 (1992): 137-153.

Portuguese translation: "Por amor da nossa liberdade. E'tica bíblica e «primeiro mandamento» do Decálogo." Communio 9 (1992): 136-152.

Dohmen is professor of Old Testament exegesis at the University of Osnabrück, Germany.

Douglas, Mary. “Justice as the Cornerstone: An Interpretation of Leviticus 18-20.” Interpretation 53 (October 1999): 351-364.

Dreyfus, François. "La valeur existentielle de l'Ancien Testament." Concilium 30 (1967): 35-43.

Dreyfus teaches at the Ecole Biblique et Archeologie Française in Jerusalem.

Eichrodt, Walter [Walther]. "The Law and the Gospel: The Meaning of the Ten Commandments in Israel and for Us." Interpretation 11 (1957): 23-40.

Elliott, Mark W. "Ethics and Aesthetics in the Song of Songs." Tyndale Bulletin 45 (1994): 137-152.

Escobar, Donoso S. "Social Justice in the Book of Amos," Review and Expositor 92 (1995): 169-174.

Falk, Ze'ev W. "Law and Ethics in the Hebrew Bible." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 82-90. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Fensham, F.C. "Widow, Orphan and the Poor in Ancient Near Eastern Legal and Wisdom Literature." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 21 (1962): 129-139.

Fiedler, Peter. "La Tora in Gesù e nella tradizione di Gesù." In Saggi esegetici sulla legge nel Nuovo Testamento, 65-81. A cura di Karl Kertelge. Cinisello Balsamo: Edizioni Paoline, 1990.

Original version in Das Gesetz im Neuen Testament. Herausgegeben von Karl Kertelge. Questiones Disputatae, 108. Freiburg: Herder, 1986.

Fingarette, Herbert. "The Meaning of Law in the Book of Job." In Revisions: Changing Perspectives in Moral Philosophy, 249-286. Edited by Stanley M. Hauerwas and Alasdair MacIntyre. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983.

Originally appeared in the Hastings Law Journal 29 (1978): 1581-1617.

Fletcher, V. "The Shape of Old Testament Ethics." Scottish Journal of Theology 24 (1959): 47-73.

Fohrer, Georg. "The Righteous Man in Job 31." In Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam), 23-55. Edited by James L. Crenshaw and John T. Willis. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Frey, Christofer. "The Impact of the Biblical Idea of Justice on Present Discussions of Social Justice." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 91-104. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Fuller, Reginald H. “The Decalogue in the New Testament.” Interpretation 43 (1989): 243-255.

Gallego, Epifanio, O.S.A. "La sexualidad. Aporte de los relatos de la creación." Biblia y Fe 18 (1992): 21-36.

One of several articles under this number's general theme of "La Sexualidad: Aproximacion Biblica."

Gamoran, H. "The Biblical Law against Loans on Interest." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 30 (1971): 127-134.

Garcia de la Fuente, Olegario. "El cumplimiento de la ley en la nueva alianza según los profetas." In La Etica Bíblica, 145-165. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

García Trapiello, Jesús. "El `Prólogo histórico' como fundamento de las `Estipulaciones' en la Alianza del Sinaí." In La Etica Bíblica, 57-73. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

. "El rey de Israel, valedor de la justicia social." Salmanticensis 28 (1981): 171-192.

Gehman, H.S. "Natural Law and the Old Testament." In Biblical Studies in Memory of H.C. Alleman, 109-122. Edited by J.M. Myers, et. al. New York: Augustin, 1960.

Gelin, Albert, and Descamps, Albert. Sin in the Bible. Old Testament by Albert Gelin; New Testament by Albert Descamps. Translated by Charles Schaldenbrand. New York: Desclée, 1965.

Originally appeared in French as part of Theologie du péché.

Gemser, B. "The Importance of the Motive Clause in Old Testament Law." Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 1 (1953): 50-66.

George, P.G. "Ecological Agenda in the Book of Psalms." Bible Bhashyam 19 (1993): 169-175.

Gilbert, Maurice, S.J. "La procréation: ce qu'en sait le Livre de la Sagesse." Nouvelle Revue Théologique (1989): 824-841.

Biblical texts examined from the Book of Wisdom consider the human embryo as a person, especially in view of the relation with God, seen as a vivifying spirit, who gives life to the embryo.

Gilbert is on the faculty and former rector of the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome.

. “‘Une seule chair’ (Gn 2,24).” Nouvelle revue théologique 100 (1978): 66-89.

Gillingham, Sue. "The Poor in the Psalms." Expository Times 100 (1989): 15-19.

González Lamadrid, Antonio. "La Ley el marco de la alianza." In La Etica Bíblica, 5-21. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

González Nuñez, Angel. "El consejo del sabio. Una moral de indole humanista." Moralia 6 (1984): 103-128.

Tambien [also found in] en Perspectivas de moral bíblica, 103-128. Estudios de Etica Teologica. Edd. Marciano Vidal, Francisco Lage y Alfosno Ruiz-Mateos. Madrid: Instituto Superior de Ciencas Morales, PS Editorial, 1984.

. "Fundamentación y sentido de la ley en la historia yahvista elohísta." In La Etica Bíblica, 23-56. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

Gonzalo Maeso, David. "Proyección del Decálogo sobre todo el pentateuco." In La Etica Bíblica, 111-120. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

. "Puntualizaciones sobre Gn 2, 20-24: formación de la primera mujer y concepto del matrimonio." In La Etica Bíblica, 235-244. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

Gowan, Donald E. "Wealth and Poverty in the Old Testament: The Case of the Widow, the Orphan and the Sojourner." Interpretation 41 (1987): 341-353.

Granberg-Michaelson, Wesley. "Covenant and Creation." In Liberating Life: Contemporary Approaches to Ecological Theology, 27-36. Edited by Charles Birch, William Eakin and Jay B. McDaniel. Maryknoll: Orbis Press, 1990.

Green, Gene L. "The Use of the Old Testament for Christian Ethics in 1 Peter." Tyndale Bulletin 41 (1990): 276-289.

Greene, W. B. "The Ethics of the Old Testament." Princeton Theological Review 27 (1929): 153-193; 313-366.

Guillén Torralba, Juan. "Motivación deuteronómica del descanso sabático." In La Etica Bíblica, 121-144. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

Guillet, Jacques, S.J. "L'étranger dans la tradition biblique." Christus 150 (Avril, 1990): 171-180.

L'accueil: une loi pour Israël.

Hospitality is a law for Israel.

Guinan, Michael D., O.F.M. "Instruction for Life." The Bible Today 31 (1993): 260-264.

General overview of moral themes in the Pentateuch.

Guinan is professor of Old Testament at the Franciscan School of Theology in Berkeley, California.

Haas, Peter, J. "The Quest for Hebrew Bible Ethics: A Jewish Response." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 151-59.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

Hamel, Edouard, S.J. "Le Magnificat et le Renversement des Situations: Réflexion théologico-biblique." Gregorianum 60 (1979): 55-84.

Hamel was professor of moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University until 1986.

Hammershaimb, E. "On the Ethics of the Old Testament Prophets." Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 7 (1959): 75-101.

Hamilton, Victor P. "The Ethics of the Old Testament." In Christian Ethics: An Inquiry into Christian Ethics from a Biblical Theological Perspective, 9-30. Edited by Leon O. Hynson and Lane A. Scott. Anderson IN: Warner Press, 1983.

Hamilton has a Pd.D. from Brandeis University and is professor of religion at Ashbury College.

Harrelson, Walter J. "The Significance of `Last Words' for Intertestamental Ethics." In Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam), 203-213. Edited by James L. Crenshaw and John T. Willis. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Hengel, Martin. "Property and Riches in the Old Testament and Judaism." In Id. Property and Riches in the Early Church: Aspects of a Social History of Early Christianity, 12-22. Translated by John Bowden. London: SCM Press; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974.

Shorter version also found in On Moral Business: Classical and Contemporary Resources for Ethics in Economic Life, 67-68. Edited by Max L. Stackhouse, et. al. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995.

Hoffman, Yair. "The Creativity of Theodicy." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 117-130. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Hoppe, Leslie J., O.F.M. "The Torah Responds to the Poor." The Bible Today 32 (1994): 277-282.

One of several articles on biblical economic justice in this issue.

Horst, Friedrich. "Naturrecht und Altes Testament." Evangelische Theologie 10 (1950/51): 253-273.

Also found reprinted in Gottes Recht: Gesammelte Studien zum Recht in Alten Testament, 235-259. Herausgegeben von Hans Walter Wolff. München: Christian Kaiser Verlag, 1961.

Hübner, Hans. "Zur Ethik der Sapientia Salomonis." In Studien zum Text und zur Ethik des Neuen Testaments. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstag von Heinrich Greeven, 166-187. Herausgegeben von Wolfgang Schrage. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1986.

Ibáñez, Arana A. "Los valores éticos en las narraciones del Génesis." Lumen 35 (1986): 361-396; 473-500.

Isser, Stanley. “Two Traditions: The Law of Exodus 21:22-23 Revisited.” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 52 (1990): 30-45

Jacob, E. "Les bases théologique de l'éthique de l'Ancien Testament." Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 7 (1968).

Johnson, L. "Old Testament Morality." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 20 (1958): 19-25.

de Jonge, Marinus. "Die Paränese in den Schriften des Neuen Testaments und in den Testamenten der Zwölf Patriarchen. Einege Überlegungen." In Neues Testament und Ethik. Für Rudolf Schnackenburg, 538-550. Herausgegeben von Helmut Merklein. Freiburg: Herder, 1989.

Juárez, Miguel A. Martín, O.S.A. "La Sexualidad. Aporte de los escritos sapiensiales." Biblia y Fe 18 (1992): 51-66.

One of several articles under this number's general theme of "La Sexualidad: Aproximacion Biblica."

Kaiser, Otto. “Einfache Sittlichkeit und theonome Ethik in der alttestamentlichen Weisheit.” Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie 39 (1997): 115-139.

Argues that even though the basic ethical principles are consequence of human nature they do not lose their validity even after they are viewed theologically and eschatologically. To demonstrate this point the author outlines the development of the term saddîq in Proverbs and the later Wisdom books.

Kipper, J. B. “El mensaje social de los profetas post-exílicos.” Selecciones de Teología 35 (1996): 289-298.

Knierim, Rolf P. “On the Subject of War in Old Testament and Biblical Theology.” Horizons in Biblical Theology 16 (June 1994): 1-19.

Knight, Douglas A. "Introduction: Ethics, Ancient Israel, and the Hebrew Bible." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 1-8.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

. "Old Testament Ethics." Christian Century 20 January 1982, 55-59.

Most of the article focuses on a summary of the principal issues facing the use of Scripture in ethics. The Old Testament is used as a point of reference for Knight's discussion, and the fundamental values of the Old Testament ethos are presented.

Kovacs, Brian W. "Is There a Class-Ethic in Proverbs?" In Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam), 171-189. Edited by James L. Crenshaw and John T. Willis. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Krolzik, M. "«Dominium terrae». Storia di Genesi 1, 28." Rivista di Teologia Morale 22 (1990): 257-267.

Krüger, Thomas. "»Du sollst nicht töten!« »Ehrfurht vor dem Lelbe« in Ethik und Recht des Alten Testaments." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 38 (1994): 17-30.

Kurz, William S., S.J. "Genesis and Abortion: An Exegetical Test of a Biblical Warrant in Ethics." Theological Studies 47 (1986): 668-680.

Kurz is professor of New Testament at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Lage, Francisco. "La crítica del comercio en los profetas de Israel." Moralia 8 (1986): 3-28.

. "Ley y Alianza. Autonomía de la ética en el pensamiento del Antiguo Testamento." Moralia 6 (1984): 9-39.

Tambien en [also found in] Perspectivas de moral bíblica, 9-39. Estudios de Etica Teologica. Edd. Marciano Vidal, Francisco Lage y Alfosno Ruiz-Mateos. Madrid: Instituto Superior de Ciencas Morales, PS Editorial, 1984.

. "Sobre la contribución de los apócrifos del AT a la ética cristiana." Moralia 6 (1984): 385-416.

Lamadrid, A.G. "Canaán y América. La biblia y la teología moral ante la conquista de la tierra. Salmanticensis 28 (1981): 392-346.

Lance, H. Darell. "The Bible and Homosexuality." American Baptist Quarterly 8 (1989): 140-151.

Reviews some of the major changes that have occurred in the understanding of some biblical texts traditionally used in reference to homosexuality, such as Gn 19; Jg 19; Lv 18-20; Dt 23:17-18; 1 Cor 6:9-11; Rm 1:26-27; and Jde 6-7. Raises hermeneutical questions which these texts present, and includes bibliography for further study.

Lang, B. "`Du sollst nicht der Frau eines anderen verlangen'. Eine neue Deutung des 9. und 10. Gebots." Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 93 (1981): 216-224.

. "Neues über den Dekalog." Theologische Quartelschrift 164 (1984): 58-65.

Lapidus, Rina. "Halakah and Haggadah: Two Opposing Approaches to Fulfilling the Religious Law." Journal of Jewish Studies 44 (1993): 100-113.

The sequence of most talmudic discussion on religious law opens with a Mishnah which includes a religious law, followed by a halakhic discussion on the ways in which this law is to be put in practice, and a variety of interpretations and opinions of the Sages on this subject. Then the discussion crystallizes into the application of objective principles which are formal, logical and rational. Then a detailed haggadic story is introduced which shows a person fulfills the law. The story concludes with "justification" in form of a miracle, or admission by the Sages that this individual has furthers the preservation of the Jewish tradition.

LaVerdière, Eugene A. "Covenant Morality." Worship 38 (1964): 240-246.

Lavoie, Jean-Jacques. "Création de l'être humain et éthique sapientiale selon le livre des Proverbs." Eglise et théologie 24 (1993): 361-390.

Lehmann, Paul L. "The Commandments and the Common Life." Interpretation 34 (1980): 341-355.

Leider, H. "Die Zehn Gebote heute." Theologische Quartelschrift 160 (1980): 60-63.

Levin, C. "Der Dekalog am Sinai." Vetus Testamentum 35 (1985): 165-191.

Limburg, James. "Human Rights in the Old Testament." Concilium 124 (1979): 20-26.

One of a series of articles on various aspects of the theological meaning and significance of human rights.

Lindemann, Andreas. "Die biblischen Toragebote und die paulinische Ethik." In Studien zum Text und zur Ethik des Neuen Testaments. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstag von Heinrich Greeven, 242-265. Herausgegeben von Wolfgang Schrage. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1986.

Lochman, Jan Milic. "Die Vorstellung des Namens Gottes im dekalog als Begründung einer Ethik der Freiheit." Theologische Zeitschrift 34 (1978): 257-264.

Lochman is a Czechoslovakian Protestant (Reformed) theologian. His work considers not only the Bible, but also the Protestant tradition as well as Marxism.

Lohfink, Norbert. "Altes Testament-Ethos." In Weltgestaltung und Gewaltlosigkeit. Ethische Aspekte des Alten und Neuen Testaments in Einheit und Gegensatz. Herausgegeben von Norbert Lohfink und Rudolf Pesch. Düsseldorf: Patmos Verlag, 1978.

Lohfink is professor of Old Testament Exegesis at Sankt Georgen in Frankfurt-am-Main.

____. "‘Holy War’ and ‘Ban’ in the Bible." Theology Digest 38 (1991): 109-114.

Violence is the central human sin, and this creates a difficult theological problem in evaluating the Old Testaments concepts of the Holy War and the Ban (consecration to destruction). Lohfink argues that this "holy war" ethos might be understood as only an intermediate (i.e., not permanent) phase in Israel's life, and the God's People must ultimately renounce all forms of violence as Jesus offered God's Lordship without violence.

. "Poverty in the Laws of the Ancient Near East and of the Bible." Theological Studies 52 (1991): 34-50.

Lohfink finds that the law codes of ancient Mesopotamia and Israel evidence a better care for the poor than our modern societies.

Originally given as a paper at the 53rd General Meeting of the Catholic Biblical Association of America on 14 August 1990 at the University of Notre Dame.

Long, Kevin G. “The Nine Commandments: The Decalogue and the Natural Law.” Aquinas Review 3 (1/1996): 137-152.

Loss, N. "La dottrina antropologica di Genesi I-II." In de L'antropologia bilbica. A cura di G. de Gennar. Napoli, 1982.

Malchow, Bruce. "Social Justice in the Israelite Law Codes." Word and Word 4 (1984): 293-306.

Overview of this theme.

. "Social Justice in the Wisdom Literature." Biblical Theological Bulletin 12 (1982): 120-124.

Maraval, P. "Modèles bibliques de l'hospitalité chez les Pères." Studia Moralia 28 (1990): 27-41.

Mariani, Bonaventura. "Ritual Sin in the Old Testament." In Sin: Its Reality and Nature: A Historical Survey, 41-56. Edited by Pietro Palazzini. Translated by Brendan Devlin. Dublin: Scepter Publishers, 1964.

Martin-Achard, Robert. "Brèves remarques sur la signification théologique de la loi selon l' AT." Etudes Théologiques et Religieuses 57 (1982): 343-360.

. "Récents travaux sur la loi du talion, selon l'AT." Revue d'Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses 69 (1989): 173-188.

Martin, Thomas. "Marriage in the Old Testament." Chapter 2 in The Challenge of Christian Marriage: Marriage in Scripture, History and Contemporary Life, 9-31. New York: Paulist Press, 1990.

Historical study which moves from Scripture through the early Church, the Church Fathers, and the medieval and reformation periods. Modern challenges to Christian marriage are addressed, as well as an attempt to spell out a contemporary theology of marriage. Designed as an undergraduate text, includes study questions and recommendations for further reading after each chapter. See also Chapter 3, "Marriage in the New Testament."

Martin is a professor in the Religious Studies Department of Dayton University.

Mathew, K.V. "Ecological Perspectives in the Book of Psalms." Bible Bhashyam 19 (1993): 159-168.

One of several articles in this issue on various theological aspects of ecology.

Mays, James L. "Justice: Perspectives from the Prophetic Tradition." In Prophecy in Israel, 144-158. Edited by David L. Petersen. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987.

Originally appeared in Interpretation 37 (1983): 5-17.

McFayden, J.E. "Poverty in the Old Testament." Expository Times 37 (1925): 184-189.

McKeating, H. "Sanctions against Adultery in Ancient Israelite with some Reflections on Methodology in the Study of Old Testament Ethics." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 11 (1979): 57-72.

McKenzie, John L. "The Values of the Old Testament." Concilium 10 (1967): 4-17.

Meadowcroft, Tim. “Vive la différence! Reflections on Human Sexuality from the Old Testament Creation Tradition.” Anvil 14 (1997): 196-206.

Argues that the creation accounts in Genesis hold that gender difference is key to humanity’s creation in the image of God and part of the human stewardship role in creation. Furthermore, despite issues raised by feminist hermeneutics and contemporary debates over sexuality Meadowcroft maintains that the Old Testament vision of the complementarity of the sexes remains normative for a Christian understanding of sexuality.

Menzes, Ruiz de. "Social Justice in Israel's Law." Bible Bhashyam 11 (1985): 10-46.

Survey of social concerns in Israel's legal traditions.

Milgrom, Jacob. "The Biblical Diet Laws as an Ethical System: Food and Faith." Interpretation 17 (1963): 288-301.

Milgrom is Professor Emeritus of Bible at the University of California at Berkeley.

Miller, Patrick D., Jr. "The Place of the Decalogue in the Old Testament and Its Law." Interpretation 43 (1989): 2292-242.

Molinski, W. "Die Zehn Gebote. Eine Grundlage für einen ethischen Konsens unter Glaubenden?" Stimmen der Zeit 201 (1983): 53-60.

Mueller, G. "Der Dekalog im NT." Theologische Zeitschrift 38 (1982): 79-97.

Mullen, Alyce Miller. "A Study of the Relationship of Sin, Distress, and Health in the Old Testament Psalms: As a Basis for a Biblical Theology of Wholeness in Pastoral Ministry. Thesis (doctoral)--Wesley Theological Seminary, 1985.

Müller, Karlheinz. "Legge e adempimento della legge nel giudaismo antico." In Saggi esegetici sulla legge nel Nuovo Testamento, 9-23. A cura di Karl Kertelge. Cinisello Balsamo: Edizioni Paoline, 1990.

German original in Das Gesetz im Neuen Testament. Herausgegeben von Karl Kertelge. Questiones Disputatae, 108. Freiburg: Herder, 1986.

Mulroney, Joseph. "Wisdom to Live By." The Bible Today 31 (1993): 272-276.

Brief overview of the moral message of the Book of Proverbs.

Mulroney teaches biblical studies at Heythrop College.

Muñoz Iglesias, Salvador. "Old Testament Values superseded by the New." Concilium 10 (1967): 50-55.

Murphy, Roland E. "Prophets and Wise Men as Provokers of Dissent." Concilium 158 (1982): 61-66.

One of a series of articles on various aspects of this issue.

Mußner, Franz. "La vita secondo la Tora nell'interpretazione ebraica." In Saggi esegetici sulla legge nel Nuovo Testamento, 24-40. A cura di Karl Kertelge. Cinisello Balsamo: Edizioni Paoline, 1990.

German original in Das Gesetz im Neuen Testament. Herausgegeben von Karl Kertelge. Questiones Disputatae, 108. Freiburg: Herder, 1986.

Nardoni, E. “Normas de justicia en las leyes de la Alianza.” Revista Bíblica (Argentina) 58 (1996); 81-116.

Nash, Kathleen, S.S.N.D. "‘Let Justice Surge’." The Bible Today 31 (1993): 265-271.

General overview of the Exodus theme and its moral implications in the Book of Amos.

Nash teaches Religious Studies at LeMoyne College.

Nickelsburg, George W. "Riches, the Rich, and God's Judgment in 1 Enoch 92-105 and the Gospel According to Luke." New Testament Studies 25 (1978-79): 324-344.

Nobuko, Morimura. "The Story of Tamar: A Feminist Interpretation of Genesis 38." The Japan Christian Review 59 (1993): 55-68.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

North, Robert, S.J. "The Biblical Jubilee and Social Reform." Scripture 4 (1951): 3232-335.

North is Professor Emeritus at the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome.

Oates, Wayne E. "A Biblical Perspective on Addiction." Review and Expositor 91 (1994): 71-75.

Treats Dt 5:6-7; Mt 22:340-40; and Gal 4:3,8.

O'Connell, Matthew. "Some Aspects of Commandment in the Old Testament." In Readings in Biblical Morality, 9-29. Edited by C. Luke Salm. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1967.

Oeming, M. "Ethik in der Spätzeit des Alten Testaments am Beispiel von Hiob 31 und Tobit 4." In Altes Testament--Forschung und Wirkung. Festschrift für Henning Graf Reventlow, 159-174. Herausgegeben von P. Mommer und W. Thiel. Frankfurt-am-Main, Bern, New York: Peter Lang, 1994.

Olyan, Saul M. “‘And with a Male You Shall Not Lie the Lying Down of a Woman’: On the Meaning of Significance of Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 5 (1994): 179-206.

Oosthuizen, Martin J. “The Deuteronomic Code as a Resource for Christian Ethics.” Journal of Theology for Southern Africa 96 (November 1996): 44-58.

Following an excellent synthesis of recent contributions to the use of Scripture in Christian ethics the author turns to a consideration of the major themes of the Deuteronomic Code, how these functioned in developing an ethic for ancient Israel, and what implications this Code would have for the contemporary Christian community. The paper also contains a good bibliography of relevant works connected with Deuteronomy.

Paper originally presented at the annual meeting of the Theological Society of Southern Africa in 1995.

Oosthuizen is Professor of Biblical Studies at the University of Port Elizabeth.

Otto, Eckart. "Kultus und Ethos in Jerusalemer Theologie. Ein Beitrag zur theologischen Begründung der Ethik im Alten Testament." Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 98 (1986): 161-179.

. "Of Aims and Methods in Hebrew Bible Ethics." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 161-72.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

Paris, Peter J. "An Ethicist's Concerns about Biblical Ethics." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 173-79.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

Patterson, R. "The Widow, the Orphan and the Poor in the Old Testament and Extra-Biblical Literature." Bibliotheca Sacra 130 (1973): 223-235.

Penna, Angelo. "I diritti umani nel Vecchio Testamento." In I Diritti Umani: Dottrina e Prassi, 61-95. A cura di Gino Concetti. Roma: AVE, 1982.

Pfeifer, B. "Bücher um den Zehn Gebote." Geist und Leben 54 (1981): 395-397.

Philips, A.C.J. “Old Testament and Moral Tradition.” The Expository Times 108 (May 1997): 231-232.

Brief consideration of the Hebrew torah tradition on economic matters.

Pleins, J. David. "How Ought We Think about Poverty?--Rethinking the Diversity of the Hebrew Bible." Irish Theological Quarterly 60 (1994): 280-286.

. "Poverty in the Social World of the Wise." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 37 (1987): 61-78.

Porteous, N.W. "The Care of the Poor in the Old Testament." In Living the Mystery, 143-155. Blackwell, 1967.

Prato, Gian Luigi. "Un'etica teologica dell'Antico Testamento condannata a fallire?" Rassegna di Teologia 37 (1996): 63-78.

An extended review of Eckart Otto's Theologische Ethik des Alten Testaments (Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln: Kohlhammer, 1994), in which Prato presents a wide-ranging discussion of the problematic, as well as includes much helpful recent bibliography.

Ravasi, Gianfranco. "All'ombra dell'albero della conoscenza del bene e del male. Note ermeneutiche su Genesi 2-3." Communio 118 (luglio-agosto, 1991): 25-35.

One of a series of articles on various aspects of this theme.

. "«Tra di voi no vi sia nessun bisogno!». Solidarietà nel popolo di Dio dell'Antico Testamento." Communio 125 (settembre-ottobre 1992).

One of a series of articles on various aspects of the theme of solidarity.

Raurell, F. “Dimensión ético-pedagógica de la provoccaión en el Qohélet.” Selecciones de Teología 35 (1996): 315-323.

. "El plaer erotic en el Càntic dels Càntics." Revista Catalana de Teología 6 (1981): 257-298.

Rebić', Adalbert."Righteousness in the Old Testament." Theology Digest 39 (1992): 139-142.

Digested version of "Der Gerechtigkeitsbegriff im Alten Testament." Communio 19 (1990): 390-396.

The Occidental Christian concepts of retributive and punitive justice are inadequate for understanding the Hebrew concept of righteousness (zedaqah). In the Hebrew Scriptures righteousness refers above all to God's relationship with God's people. Several Old Testament texts, plus the opinion of many biblical exegetes are marshaled to support the author's thesis.

Reventlow, Henning Graf. "Righteousness as Order of the World: Some Remarks towards a Programme." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 163-172. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Robinson, N.H.G. "How the Bible Speaks to Conscience." In Conscience: Theological and Psychological Perspectives, 72-78. Edited by C. Ellis Nelson. New York: Newman Press, 1973.

Also found in Robinson's own book, Christ and Conscience, 171-178. London: James Nisbet, 1956.

Rodd, C.S. "New Occasions Teach New Duties? 1. The Use of the Old Testament in Christian Ethics." Expository Times 105 (January 1994): 100-106.

Rodd is editor of Expository Times.

Ruiz, Gregorio. "La ética profética: frente a la pobreza desde la justicia." Moralia 6 (1984): 79-101.

Tambien en [also found in] Perspectivas de moral bíblica, 79-101. Estudios de Etica Teologica. Edd. Marciano Vidal, Francisco Lage y Alfosno Ruiz-Mateos. Madrid: Instituto Superior de Ciencas Morales, PS Editorial, 1984.

Sabugal, S. "El concepto de pecado en el Antiguo Testamento." Estudios Eclesiásticos 59 (1984): 459-469.

Salguero, José, O.P. "El mandamiento capital y las leyes específicas." In La Etica Bíblica, 75-109. XXIX Semana Bíblica Española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1971.

. "Relazione tra l'Antica e la Nuova Alleanza." Angelicum 60 (1983): 165-189.

Salvini, G. “La città fondata sulla giustizia. Riflessioni sul valore del tema della giustizia nel deuteroisaia.” Vivens Homo 7 (1996): 191-218.

Schenker, A. "Der Monotheismus im ersten Gebot, die Stellung der Frau im Sabbatgebot und zwei andere Sachfragen zum Dekalog." Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 32 (1985): 323-341.

Schnackenburg, Rudolf. "Das Ethos des Alten Bundes und die sittliche Botschaft Jesu." In Der Mensch und sein sittlicher Auftrag. Hrsg. H. Althaus. Freiburg, 1983.

Schofield, J.N. "Righteousness in the Old Testament." Bible Translator 16 (1965): 112-116.

Scholz, F. "Um die Verbindlichkeit des Dekalogs. Prinzipien oder Faustregeln." Theologie der Gegenwart 25 (1982): 316-327.

Schreiner, Josef. "Die bleibende Bedeutung der sittlichen Forderung des Alten Testaments." In Herausforderung und Kritik der Moraltheologie, ed. Georg Teichtweier and Wilhelm Dreier, 151-71. Würzburg: Echter Verlag, 1971.

Schulte, Hannelis. "The End of the Omride Dynasty: Social-Ethical Observations on the Subject of Power and Violence." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 133-48.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

Segal, B.Z., ed. The Ten Commandments in History and Tradition. Publications of the Perry Foundation for Biblical Research--The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press-- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1990.

Seow, Choon-Leong. “A Heterosexual Perspective.” In Homosexuality and Christian Community, 14-27. Edited by Choon-Leong Seow. Louisville: Westminister/John Knox Press, 1996.

Looks primarily at the Old Testament texts used most frequently in the debate, but suggests the inclusion of other texts as well, such as texts from the Wisdom literature. One of a series of essays in Part I, “What Do the Scriptures Say?”. The other two sections are Part II, “How Do the Scriptures Inform Our Theological Reflection?” and Part III, “How Do We Live Faithfully?”. All the contributors are members of the Princeton Theological Faculty.

Seow is the Henry Snyder Gehman Professor of Old Testament Language and Literature and Princeton Theological Seminary and an ordained minister of the Presbyterian Church.

Sharp, D.B. "A Biblical Foundation for an Environmental Theology: A New Perspective on Genesis 1: 26-28 and 6: 11-13," Science et Esprit 47 (1995): 305-313.

Shepherd, J.J. "Man's Morals and Israel's Religion." Expository Times 92 (1981): 171-174.

Sicre, José Luis. "La precoupación por la justicia en el Antiguo Oriente (I y II)." Proyección 28 (1981): 3-19; 91-104.

Silberman, Lou H. "The Human Deed in a Time of Despair: The Ethics of Apocalyptic." In Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam), 191-202. Edited by James L. Crenshaw and John T. Willis. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Sneed, Mark. “Israelite Concern for the Alien, Orphan, and Widow: Altruism or Ideology?” Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 111 (4, 1999): 498-507.

Soggin, A. "Alcuni testi-chiave per l'antropologia dell'Antico Testamento." In de L'antropologia bilbica. A cura di G. de Gennar. Napoli, 1982.

Spadafora, Francesco. "Sin in the Old Testament." In Sin: Its Reality and Nature: A Historical Survey, 29-40. Edited by Pietro Palazzini. Translated by Brendan Devlin. Dublin: Scepter Publishers, 1964.

Spilly, Alphonse. “Sin and Alienation in the Old Testament: The Personalist Approach.” Chicago Studies 21 (Fall, 1982): 211-225.

Sprinkle, Joe M. "The Interpretation of Exodus 21:22-25 (lex talionis) and Abortion." Westminster Theological Journal 55 (1993): 233-253.

Stackhouse, Max L. "The Ten Commandments: Economic Implications." In On Moral Business: Classical and Contemporary Resources for Ethics in Economic Life, 59-62. Edited by Max L. Stackhouse, et. al. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995.

Adapted from an address given to the Convocation of the National Council of Churches of Christ held in Cleveland in 1982.

Stein, S. "The Laws on Interest in the Old Testament." Journal of Theological Studies 4 (1953): 161-170.

Stek, J.H. "Salvation, Justice and Liberation in the Old Testament." Calvin Theological Journal 13 (1978): 133-165.

Stinespring, William F. "A Problem of Theological Ethics in Hosea." In Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam), 131-144. Edited by James L. Crenshaw and John T. Willis. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Stone, Ken. “The Hermeneutics of Abomination: On Gay Me, Canaanites, and Biblical Interpretation.” Biblical Theology Bulletin 27 (Summer 1997): 36-41.

Stone argues that the biblical condemnation of same sex activity is based on attempts to define a non-acceptable “other” in terms of deviant sexual practice. Thus, sexual practice is used as a basis for insult, stereotyping and condemnation. Efforts by gay-affirmative scholars at trying to detoxify the biblical passages on the condemnation of homosexuality by linking these condemnations to abhorrence of cultic prostitution and the like thus fall into the same trap of using a “hermeneutics of abomination” in which the other is condemned in terms of sexuality. What is required instead is replacing this whole hermeneutic with one which is positive towards affirmation of gay sexuality.

Stone is Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible at Chicago Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois.

Stone, Lawson G. "Ethical and Apologetic Tendencies in the Redaction of the Book of Joshua." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 53 (1991): 25-36.

Stuhlmueller, Carroll, C.P. "Option for the Poor: Old Testament Directives." In Economic Justice: CTU's Pastoral Commentary on The Bishops' Letter on the Economy, 19-27. Edited by John Pawlikowski, O.S.M. and Donald Senior, C.P. Washington, D.C.: The Pastoral Press, 1988.

Book includes the text of the Bishops' Letter on the Economy, plus 12 essays organized into three sections: 1) The Biblical Perspective; 2) The Ethical Perspective; and 3) The Pastoral Perspective.

. "The Search for Original Sin." The Bible Today 31 (1993): 73-78.

Conducts a "biblical search" on the doctrine of original sin. One of several articles in this issue on the theme of "The Bible on Sin."

Tambasco, Anthony J. "Prophetic Teaching on Sin." The Bible Today 31 (1993): 79-84.

Considers especially the prophetic teaching of sin in the aspects of idolatry, externalism and injustice. One of several articles in this issue on the theme of "The Bible on Sin."

Tihista, J.A. Marcen. “Liturgias penitenciales en el antiguo testamento.” In El sacramento de la penitencia, 85-104. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificias, 1972.

Traina, Cristina L.H. “Oh, Susanna: The New Absolutism and Natural Law.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 65 (1997): 371-401.

Taking up the ethical dilemma which faced Susanna in the Old Testament (Dn 13) which had been used by Pope John Paul II in his encyclical Veritatis Splendor to illustrate the notion of moral absolutes Traina critiques this a strong “absolutist” strain of natural law interpretation in the thought of Pope John Paul II, as well as moral philosophers such as Germain Grisez and John Finnis. Traina offers alternative solutions to the problem of relativism and consequentialism which so troubles moral absolutists by considering insights from the tradition of cooperation with evil and the epistemological nature of moral norms.

Trible, Phyllis. “A Tempest in a Text: ecological soundings in the book of Jonah.” Theology Digest 43 (4/1996): 303-312.

Trible finds in Jonah not entertainment and humor, but rather dissonances of sovereignty and freedom, mercy and caprice, leaving readers with unsettling questions regarding both theology and ecology.

Uffenheimer, Benjamin. "Theodicy and Ethics in the Prophecy of Ezekiel." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 200-227. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Valle, José Luis del, O.S.A. "La Sexualidad. Simbología matrimonial en los escritos proféticos." Biblia y Fe 18 (1992): 37-50.

One of several articles under this number's general theme of "La Sexualidad: Aproximacion Biblica."

Verhey, Allen. "Scripture and Medical Ethics: Psalm 51:10a, the Jarvik VII, and Psalm 50:9." In Religious Methods and Resources in Bioethics, 261-288. Edited by Paul F. Camenisch. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

Verhey is the Evert J. and Hattie E. Blekkink Professor of Religion at Hope College.

Vogels, Walter. “Man and Woman: Their Dignity, Mutuality and Fidelity in Marriage: A Biblical Perspective (Gn 1-3).” Bible Bhashyam 23 (December 1997): 203-225.

von Waldow, H. E. "Social Responsibility and Social Structure in Early Israel." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 32 (1970): 182-204.

Weinfeld, Moshe. "`Justice and Righteousness'--The Expression and its Meaning." In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, 228-246. Edited by Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Wenham, G.J. "Law and the Legal System in the Old Testament." In Law, Morality and the Bible. Edited by B.N. Kaye and G.J. Wenham. Downers Grove IL: Intervaristy Press, 1978.

Wénin, André. "Foi et justice dans l'Ancien Testament." Lumen Vitae 46 (1991): 380-392.

Chercher à articuler sans cesse foi et justice est une constante du message biblique; encore faut-il étudier de près la manière dont la Bible s'y prend. A partir d'un texte précis (Dt 26), finement analysé, l'auteur montre comment la Loi de Moïse contient une exigence de justice; puis il en présente les échos dans l'A.T. (Dieu et le prochain; injustice et idôlatrie; les prophètes) et les prolongements dan le N.T. Ainsi est dégagé, non sans clarté, un message central, très éloquent pour notre temps.

Maintains that faith and justice are constant terms in the biblical message, and that it is necessary to investigate the manner in which the Bible takes up these terms.

. "Le décalogue, révélation de Dieu et chemin de l'homme." Révue Théologique de Louvain 25 (1994): 148-182.

Wenz, Gunther. "Die Zehn Gebote als Grundlage christlicher Ethik. Zur Auslegung des ersten Hauptstücks in Luthers Katechismen." Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 89 (1992): 404-439.

Westbrook, Raymond. "Adultery in Ancient Near Eastern Law." RB 97 (1990): 542-580.

Westbrook teaches at Johns Hopkins University.

. "Jubilee Laws." Israel Law Review 6 (1971): 209-225.

Also found as Chapter Two in his Property and the Family in Biblical Law, 36-57. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 113. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991.

Whitaker, Richard E. “Creation and Human Sexuality.” In Homosexuality and Christian Community, 3-13. Edited by Choon-Leong Seow. Louisville: Westminister/John Knox Press, 1996.

Examines the creation narratives in the first three chapters of Genesis. One of a series of essays in Part I, “What Do the Scriptures Say?”. The other two sections are Part II, “How Do the Scriptures Inform Our Theological Reflection?” and Part III, “How Do We Live Faithfully?”. All the contributors are members of the Princeton Theological Faculty.

Whitaker is Information Research Specialist and Lecturer in Old Testament at Princeton Theological Seminary and an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church.

White, Leland J. "Biblical Texts and Contemporary Gay People: A Response to Boswell and Boughton." Irish Theological Quarterly 59 (1993): 286-301.

Argues that neither Boughton nor Boswell uses "sufficiently elaborated models of culture and cultural variation to address the issue of whether the actions proscribed in the Bible are equivalent in meaning (p. 286)."

See Lynne C. Boughton's "Biblical Texts and Homosexuality: A Response to John Boswell." Irish Theological Quarterly 58 (1992): 141-153, as well as Chapter 4, "The Scriptures," of John Boswell’s Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980): 91-117 for the treatment discussed in this article, as well as for a listing of other works which deal with Boswell’s position.

. "Does the Bible Speak about Gays or Same-Sex Orientation? A Test Case in Biblical Ethics: Part I." Biblical Theological Bulletin (1995): 14-23.

Examines the biblical texts of Genesis 19, Leviticus 18-20, Romans 1:1, 1 Corinthians 6, and 1 Timothy 1 in light of three traditional core values of Mediterranean culture: honor, reproductivity, and holiness. White's thesis is that these texts frame the ethical issue of "homosexuality" in terms of fulfilling traditional cultural roles, and therefore these texts do not address the contemporary issues of same-sex orientation.

Whybray, R.N. "Poverty, Wealth, and Point of View in Proverbs." Expository Times 100 (1988-89): 332-336.

Williamson, David. "Il nuovo nel contesto del «ricordo». Le nuove soluzioni desunte da antichi principi nelle leggi dell'Antico Testamento." In Il Problema del nuovo nella teologia morale, 129-150. A cura di Lorenzo Alvarez-Verdes. Questiones Morales, 2. Roma: Editrice Rogate, e Editrice Accademia Alfonsiana, 1986.

Willis, John T. "Ethics in A Cultic Setting." In Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam), 145-169. Edited by James L. Crenshaw and John T. Willis. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Treats Psalms 15 and 24.

Wilson, Robert R. “Approaches to Old Testament Ethics.” In Canon, Theology, and Old Testament Interpretation: Essays in Honor of Brevard S. Childs, 62-74. Edited by Gene M. Tucker, David L. Petersen, and Robert R. Wilson. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1988.

. "Sources and Methods in the Study of Ancient Israelite Ethics." Semeia, no. 66 (1995): 55-63.

One of several articles on Old Testament ethics in this issue.

Wright, David P. “Holiness in Leviticus and Beyond: Differing Perspectives.” Interpretation 53 (October 1999): 351-364.

Yoder, John Howard. "Exodus and Exile: The Two Faces of Liberation." In Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 337-353. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

This article appeared originally in Cross Currents in 1973.

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Books on Ethics in the Hebrew Scriptures and/or Jewish Ethics

Albertz, Heinrich, Hrsg. Du sollst dir kein Bildnis noch irgendein Gleichnis machen. Die zehn Gebote, 2. Stuttgart: Radius Verlag, 1986.

____. Du sollst Gott deinen Herrn lieben...und deinen Nächsten wie dich selbst. Die zehn Gebote, 11. Stuttgart: Radius Verlag, 1989.

____. Du sollst nicht ehebrechen. Die zehn Gebote, 7. Stuttgart: Radius Verlag, 1987.

____. Lass dich nicht gelüsten deines Nächsten Hauses... noch alles, was dein Nächsten hat. Die zehn Gebote, 10. Stuttgart: Radius Verlag, 1988.

Barton, John. Ethics and the Old Testament. The 1997 Diocese of British Columbia John Albert Hall Lectures at the Center for Studies in Religion and Society in the University of Victoria. Harrisburg PA: Trinity Press International; London: SCM Press, 1998.

Investigates three Old Testament issues: ecology, sexual morality, and property, to demonstrate how the understanding of morality is motivated both by the will of God and the natural law. Barton concludes that the notion of moral truth in the Old Testament is conveyed through the specific, rather than by way of generalizations or abstractions.

Reviewed by Paul J. Wojda in Religious Studies Review 25 (January 1999): 69.

Barton is Oriel and Laing Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture at the University of Oxford.

. Understanding Old Testament Ethics: Approaches and Explorations. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003.

Part One considers how biblical narratives, law collections, oracles, and wisdom writings all contribute to a fuller understanding of the Old Testament. Part Two looks at the moral vision of the Prophets, especially Amos, Isaiah, and Daniel.

Berger, Klaus. Die Gesetzesauslegung Jesu. Ihr historischer Hintergrund im Alten Testament. Teil I: Markus und die Parallelen. WMANT, 40. Neukirchen, 1972.

Birch, Bruce C. Let Justice Roll Down: The Old Testament, Ethics, and Christian Life. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1991.

Discusses methodological questions, the importance of the Hebrew narratives as a moral resource, and specific texts and themes which might inform Christian ethics.

Reviewed by Dennis T. Olson in Theology Today 50 (1994): 148.

. What Does the Lord Require? The Old Testament Call to Social Witness. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1985.

Bloch, Abraham P. A Book of Jewish Ethical Concepts: Biblical and Post-Biblical. New York: KTAV, 1984.

Bloch is a Jewish rabbi and author of several other books.

Boecker, H.J. Law and the Administration of Justice in the Old Testament and Ancient Near East. London: SPCK, 1981.

Borowitz, Eugene B. Exploring Jewish Ethics: Papers on Covenant Responsibility. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990.

Articles previously published over the last twenty years.

Reviewed by Leslie A. Muray in Journal of Ecumenical Studies 28 (1991): 652-653.

Bovati, Pietro. Re-Establishing Justice: Legal Terms, Concepts and Procedures in the Hebrew Bible. JSOT Supplement Series 105. Sheffield: JSOT, 1994.

Breslauer, S. Daniel. Contemporary Jewish Ethics: A Bibliographical Survey. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1985.

. Modern Jewish Morality: A Bibliographical Survey. New York: Greenwood, 1986.

Brin, Gershon. Studies in Biblical Law: From the Hebrew Bible to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Translated by Jonathan Chipman. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 176. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1994.

The book contains both revised studies originally published in Hebrew or English, as well as several new studies. Part I on “Selected Problems in Biblical Law” deals with the “double laws” in the Bible, namely laws that treat different circumstances of the same essential case, as well as sanctions against those who fail to fulfill legal obligations, the treatment of the poor, and various other issues in Qumran law. Part II on “The Laws of the First Born” deals with the various components of the first born laws.

Brooks, Roger. The Spirit of the Ten Commandments: Shattering the Myth of Rabbinic Legalism. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1990.

Brown, William P. Character in Crisis: A Fresh Approach to the Wisdom Literature of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1997.

This book traces the theme of moral identity and conduct throughout the wisdom literature of the Old Testament, with a concluding reflection on the Epistle of James in the New Testament, and explores a range of issues that includes literary characterization, moral discourse, world view, and the theology of the ancient sages. Brown argues that the aim of the biblical wisdom literature is for the formation of moral character, both for individuals and for the community as a whole.

Brown teaches Old Testament at Union Theological Seminary and Presbyterian School of Christian Education in Richmond, Virginia.

. The Ethos of the Cosmos: The Genesis of Moral Imagination in the Bible. Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999.

Looks at five creation texts or traditions to discuss the moral significance of these accounts for both the ancient and contemporary communities of faith.

Bruckner, James K. Implied Law in the Abraham Narrative: A Literary and Theological Analysis. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 335. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001.

Close analysis of Genesis 18:16–20:18 reveals that the context of the implied law in the narrative is creational.

Bruckner is Professor of Old Testament at North Park University in Chicago.

Brueggemann, Walter. The Land: Place as Gift, Promise, and Challenge in Biblical Faith. Overtures to Biblical Theology. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1977.

Excellent book for understanding the theological function of the Promised Land in the Covenant Theology of the Old Testament, as well as its implications for the New Testament.

Brueggemann is McPheeder Professor of Old Testament at Columbia Theological Seminary in Decatur, Georgia.

. A Social Reading of the Old Testament: Prophetic Approaches to Israel's Communal Life. Edited by Patrick D. Miller. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994.

A collection of fifteen essays by Professor Brueggemann which appeared from 1977 to 1991. They include: Covenant as a Subversive Paradigm; Israel's Social Criticism and Yahweh's Sexuality; Theodicy in a Social Dimension; The Prophet as a Destablilizing Presence; Rethinking Church Models through Scripture; and Revelation and Violence: a Study in Contexualization.

Burnside, Jonathan. The Signs of Sin: Seriousness of Offence in Biblical Law. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 364. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2002.

Uses a semiotic approach to show how biblical conceptions of seriousness are presented through a variety of descriptive and performative registers. Seven case studies illustrate the levels of seriousness in offences, and a concluding chapter looks at implications for a contemporary understanding of crime and punishment.

Burnside is lecturer in criminal law at the University of Bristol.

Carmichael, Calum M. Law and Narrative in the Bible: The Evidence of the Deuteronomic Laws and the Decalogue. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Reviewed by Ze'ev W. Falk in Journal of Religion 67 (1987): 533.

Carroll, Robert P. When Prophecy Failed: Cognitive Dissonance in the Prophetic Traditions of the Old Testament. New York: The Seabury Press, 1979.

Carter, Charles W., and Thompson, R. Duane. The Biblical Ethic of Love. American University Studies: Series 7, Theology and Religion, 79. Frankfurt-am-Main, Bern, New York, Paris: Peter Lang, 1990.

Carter is scholar-in-residence, and Thompson is professor of philosophy and religion at Indiana Wesleyan University.

Chicchese, M. Le dieci parole. Collana di etica biblica, 2. Roma: Edizioni Gruppi Biblici Universitari, 1987.

Reviewed by Elena Bosetti in Rivista di Teologia Morale 23 (1991): 409-410.

Craigie, Peter C. The Problem of War in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1978.

Reviewed by Ronald G. Goetz in Theology Today 36 (1980): 598.

Crenshaw, James L., and Willis, John T., eds. Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam). New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Fourteen essays on Old Testament ethical themes by various authors, plus a curriculum vitae and bibliography of J. Philip Hyatt.

Crenshaw, James L., ed. Theodicy in the Old Testament. Issues in Religion and Theology, 4. Philadelphia: Fortress Press; London: SPCK, 1983.

An introduction plus 8 articles ranging from A.S. Peake's 1905 essay on Job to Crenshaw's own 1975 treatment on the problem of human bondage in Sirach. Other contributors include Walther Eichrodt, Ronald J. Williams, Klaus Koch, Gerhard von Rad, Martin Buber, and Harmut Gese.

Dakin, David Martin. Peace and Brotherhood in the Old Testament. London: Bannisdale Press, 1956.

Davidman, Joy. Smoke on the Mountain: An Interpretation of the Ten Commandments. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1985.

Davies, Eryl W. Prophecy and Ethics: Isaiah and the Ethical Traditions of Israel. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. Supplement Series, 16. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1981.

Dearman, John Andrew. Property Rights in the Eighth-Century Prophets. Society for Biblical Literature Dissertation Series, 106. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988.

Delhaye, Philippe. Le Décalogue et sa place dans la morale chrétienne. Bruxelles: La Pensée Catholique, 1963.

Doorly, William J. Obsession with Justice: The Story of the Deuteronomists. New York: Paulist Press, 1994.

Written primarily for Bible study groups at the adult level.

Doorly holds a D.Min. degree from Lancaster Seminary.

. Prophet of Justice: Understanding the Book of Amos. New York: Paulist Press, 1989.

Short introductory book on Amos, with discussion of economic justice, including ten homiletic themes drawn this topic in Amos.

. Prophet of Love: Understanding the Book of Hosea. New York: Paulist Press, 1991.

Treats the Book of Hosea in its social and political context, and concludes with some contemporary spiritual lessons which can be learned from Hosea.

Epsztein, Léon. Social Justice in the Ancient Near East and the People of the Bible. London: SCM Press, 1986.

French original: La justice sociale dans le Proche-Orient ancien et le peuple de la Bible. Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1983.

Helpful background study on Israel's social legislation.

Exeler, Adolf. Vivere nella libertà di Dio: I dieci comandamenti. Andate e annunciate. Studi e ricerche, 3. Roma: Edizioni Paoline, 1985.

Original in German.

Spanish translation: Los Diez mandamientos: Vivir en la libertad de Dios. Santander, 1983.

Fager, Jeffrey A. Land Tenure and the Biblical Jubilee: Uncovering Hebrew Ethics through the Sociology of Knowledge. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament; Supplement Series, 155. Sheffield: JSOT, 1993.

This volume addresses the perennial questions concerning the legislation in Leviticus 25 on the Jubilee with the method of the sociology of knowledge, especially as articulated by Berger and Luckmann. An earlier version of this work was the author's dissertation (1987).

Falk, Randall M., and Walter J. Harrelson. Jews and Christians in Pursuit of Social Justice. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1996.

With Scripture and other classic texts as bases readers will explore faith responses to personal and family ethical issues, community and national ethical concerns, and international and interfaith issues.

Falk, Ze'ev W. Hebrew Law in Biblical Times. Jerusalem: Wahrmann, 1964.

. Religious Law and Ethics: Studies in Biblical and Rabbinical Theonomy. Jerusalem: Mesharim, 1991.

Farley, Benjamin W. In Praise of Virtue: An Exploration of the Biblical Virtues in a Christian Context. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995.

Feldman, Emanuel. Biblical and Post-Biblical Defilement and Mourning: Law as Theology. The Library of Jewish Law and Ethics. New York: Yeshiva University Press, 1977.

Fewell, Danna Nolan, and David M. Gunn. Gender, Power & Promise. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1993.

The authors explore ways in which the Bible's "first story" (Genesis through Kings) presents images of gender, and how this story, with its embedded legal codes, affects our understanding of the theological motifs of power and promise. They contend that reading Scripture is each time an exercise of power: interpretation is always invested in ideology, whether spoken or unspoken. By according special attention to the construction and depiction of character, the authors examine and seek to understand these ideologies. They demonstrate that the reader's choice of a character's perspective as a basis for his or her reading and understanding of the text is a crucial interpretive decision.

Forster, G. Christian Ethics in the Old Testament. Grove Booklet on Ethics, 35. Downers Grove IL: Grove Books, 1980.

Fuchs, Esther. Sexual Politics in the Biblical Narrative: Reading in the Hebrew Bible as a Woman. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 310. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000.

Looks at “types” of women represented in the Hebrew Bible, e.g. mothers, brides, wives, daughters, sisters, and notes that in most cases the women are presented as helping furthering positions of power for men.

Reviewed by Carol J. Dempsey in Religious Studies Review 27 (October 2001): 392.

Gallagher, John, C.S.B. The Basis for Christian Ethics. New York: Paulist Press, 1985.

See especially in Part II, "The Criteria for Moral Judgment: Sacred Scripture," Chapters 8 and 9 which discuss respectively the Old Testament notions of Law and Covenant, and Flesh and Spirit.

García Trapiello, Jesús El problema de la moral en la Antiguo Testamento. Barcelona: Herder, 1977.

Italian translation: Il problema morale nell'Antico Testamento. Sorgenti di Vita, 17. Traduzione di Raimondo Sorgia. Milano: Editrice Massimo, 1983.

Gatti, Guido. Una legge che libera. Il decalogo nella catechesi. Leumann: Elle Di Ci, 1991.

Gnuse, Robert. You Shall Not Steal: Community and Property in the Biblical Tradition. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1985.

Spanish translation: Comunidad y propiedad en la tradición bíblica. Col. Buena Noticia, 16. Estella: Ed. Verbo Divino, 1987.

Traces the biblical attitudes on possessions from the Old Testament through the New Testament.

Gornick, Herbert A., Hrsg. Du sollst in Freiheit leben. Eine neue Dimension der Zehn Gebote. Freiburg: Christophorus Verlag; Offenbach: Burckardthaus, Laetare Verlag, 1986.

Gossai, Hemchand. Justice, Righteousness and the Social Critique of the Eighth-Century Prophets. American University Studies, Series 7, Theology and Religion, 141. New York: Peter Lang, 1993.

Gottwald, Norman K. The Tribes of Yahweh: A Sociology of the Religion of Liberated Israel 1250-1050 BCE. London: SCM Press, 1979.

Controversial account of Israel's entry into the Promised Land. Gottwald uses a certain Marxist analysis in his interpretation.

Gowan, Donald E. Eschatology in the Old Testament. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1986.

Gradwohl, R. Hasse nicht in deinen Herzen. Grundgesetz des Judentums. Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag, 1991.

Grosseteste, Robert. De decem mandatis. Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi, 10. New York: British Academy by the Oxford University Press, 1987.

Hamel, Edouard, S.J. Les dix paroles: Perspectives bibliques. Essais pour notre temps. Section de théologie, 7. Bruxelles: Desclée de Brouwer, 1969.

In Spanish: Los diez mandamientos. Santander, 1972.

Hamel was professor of moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University until 1986.

Harrelson, Walter J. The Ten Commandments and Human Rights. Macon GA: Mercer University Press, 1997.

Harrelson argues that the ten commandments are important not only for Jews and Christians, but for all who seek to find or to reaffirm a moral foundation for their life and for the life of their children, their religious community, and their society. The fact that the commandments are put negatively means that the community that claims them and builds on them must work out for itself the positive import of not having other gods, not worshiping idols, not profaning the Sabbath, not killing and stealing, and committing adultery. Put negatively, these commitments become the groundwork for a humanly free and responsible search for the will of God for individual, family, and corporate life today and in any day.

Walter Harrelson was University Professor at Wake Forest University and Distinguished Professor emeritus of Hebrew Bible at Vanderbilt University Divinity School.

Reviewed by Edward F. Campbell, Jr. in Journal of Religion 64 (1984): 242-244.

Herring, Basil F. Jewish Ethics and Halakhah for Our Time: Sources and Commentary. 2 vols. The Library of Jewish Law and Ethics, 16-17. New York: KTAV, 1984.

Volume One contains three major sections on Bioethics, Law and Public Policy, and Psycho-social Ethics, and Volume Two contains four major sections on Bioethics, The Social Contract, Family Law, and Business Ethics.

Hobbs, T.R. A Time for War: A Study of Warfare in the Old Testament. Old Testament Studies, 3. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press/Michael Glazier Books, 1989.

Besides discussion of the Old Testament material, Hobbs includes sections devoted to "New Testament Insights." Brief bibliography is also included, pp. 234-242.

Reviewed by Scott Morschauser in Theology Today 48 (1992): 154.

Hobbs is Professor of Old Testament Interpretation at McMaster Divinity College in Hamilton, Ontario.

Horner, Tom. Jonathan Loved David: Homosexuality in Biblical Times. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978.

Hugenberger, Gordon P. Marriage as a Covenant: A Study of Biblical Law and Ethics Governing Marriage Developed from the Perspective of Malachi. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum, 52. Leiden and New York: Brill, 1994.

Also published in paperback as Marriage as a Covenant: Biblical Law and Ethics as Developed from Malachi. Baker’s Biblical Studies Library. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.

Hugenberger is senior minister of Park Street Church in Boston and teaches Old Testament at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary.

Israel, Martin. The Discipline of Love: The Ten Commandments for Today. London: SPCK, 1985.

Jackson, Bernard S. Studies in the Semiotics of Biblical Law. JSOT Supplement Series 314. Sheffield: JSOT, 2001.

Janzen, Waldemar. Old Testament Ethics: A Paradigmatic Approach. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1994.

Uses five Old Testament stories to exemplify proper ethical behavior and a way of understanding the ethical message of the Old Testament. The five paradigms used include 1) the priestly paradigm and the holy life; 2) the sapiential paradigm and the wise life; 3) the royal paradigm and the just life; 4) the prophetic paradigm and the suffering servant life; and 5) the familial paradigm, which involves three particular components: human life modeled on the family and genealogy, a specific relationship to the land, and a commitment to others symbolized through hospitality.

Janzen is Professor of Old Testament and German at the Canadian Mennonite Bible College in Winnipeg.

Kaiser, Walter C., Jr. Toward Old Testament Ethics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983.

Considers exegetical principles for the study of Old Testament ethics, as well as examining the "moral" texts of the Old Testament and considers their meaning for contemporary believers.

Kamionkowski, Tamar. Gender Reversal and Cosmic Chaos: A Study in the Book of Ezekial. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 368. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2003.

Looks at the fear of gender reversal as expressed in Ezekial’s reworking of the marital metaphor, interpreting the “wife of Jerusalem’s” abomination as an attempt to pass for a male, thus crossing gender boundaries and upsetting world order.

Kamionkowski is Assistant Professor of Biblical Studies at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in Wyncote, Pennsylvania.

Kang, Sa-Moon. Divine War in the Old Testament and in the Ancient Near East. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, 177. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyer, 1989.

Kealy, Sean P. The Vision of the Ten Commandments: Charter of Freedom. Living Flame Series, 33. Dublin: Carmelite Centre of Spirituality, 1989.

Keefe, Alice A. Woman’s Body and the Social Body in Hosea 1-2. JSOT Supplement Series 338. Sheffield: JSOT, 2001.

Keefe’s thesis is that certain androcentric assumptions have determined the reading of Hosea’s adulterous wife as the metaphor for Israel. However, Keefe seeks to show that a consideration of the context of sexual transgression and social violence in biblical literature could lead to reading the Hosea story as a critical commentary on the structural violence in Israelite society, and especially on the “agribusiness” of land consolidation.

Keefe is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point.

Keenan, James F., S.J. Commandments of Compassion. A Church Book. Franklin WI: Sheed and Ward, 1999.

Written for a popular audience, the book contains very short chapters giving moral and spiritual reflections on the meaning of the commandments, as well as related topics in Christian ethics.

Keenan is professor of moral theology at the Weston Jesuit School of Theology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Klein, Lillian R. From Deborah to Esther: Sexual Politics in the Hebrew Bible. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.

Koch, Robert. Die Bundesmoral im Alten Testament. Frankfurt-am-Main and New York: P. Lang, 1994.

Koch, Traugott. Zehn Gebote fur die Freiheit: Eine kleine Ethik. Tubingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1995.

Kraxner, Alois. Die zehn Gebote als Wegweisung. Linz: Veritas Verlag, 1988.

Kuhn, Johannes, Hrsg. Ecksteine. Die zehn gebote. Stuttgart: Quell Verlag, 1988.

Lehmann, Paul L. The Decalogue and a Human Future: The Meaning of the commandments for Making and Keeping Human Life Human. Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans, 1995.

Légasse, Simon. «Et qui est mon prochain?» Etude sur l'agape dans le Nouveau Testament. Lectio Divina, 136. Paris Editions du Cerf, 1989.

Italian translation: E chi è il mio prossimo?. Roma: Edizioni Dehoniane, 1991.

See especially chapters 2-4 for Old Testament background and material.

Lelyveld, Arthur. The Steadfast Stream: An Introduction to Jewish Social Values. Cleveland: The Pilgrim Press, 1995.

Draws on Scripture and rabbinic literature and recounts anecdotes from Jewish lore. Lelyveld reveals which values became normative in the liberal Jewish tradition and how tradition has attempted to resolve conflicts between these values in cases of abortion, warfare, and capital punishment.

Levinson, Bernard M., ed. Theory and Method in Biblical and Cuneiform Law: revision, Interpolation and Development. JSOT Supplement Series 181. Sheffield: JSOT, 1994.

Essays which look at the relation of Near Eastern law and the Pentateuch.

Limbeck, Meinrad. Das Gesetz im alten und neuen Testament. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1997.

Reviewed by M. Bockmeuhl (in English) in The Journal of Theological Studies 51 (April 2000): 171-173.

Lindstrom, Frederick. Suffering and Sin. Interpretation of Illness in the Individual Complaint Psalms. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1994.

Loader, J.A. A Tale of Two Cities: Sodom and Gomorrah in the Old Testament, Early Jewish and Early Christian Traditions. Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology, 1. Kampen: J.H. Kok Publishing House, 1990.

Details how the Sodom and Gomorrah account has been used in the Bible as well as in extra-biblical literature and traditions.

Lochman, Jan Milic. Wegweisung der Freiheit. Abriss der Ethik in der Perspektive des Dekalogs. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, 1979.

In French: Faut-il parler encore des commandements?. Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1981.

Italian translation: I comandamenti, segnali verso la libertà. Torino: Elle Di Ci, 1986.

Reviewed, in French, by Jean Desclos in Studia Moralia 36 (1989): 309-311.

Lochman is a Czechoslovakian Protestant (Reformed) theologian. His work considers not only the Bible, but also the Protestant tradition as well as Marxism.

Lohfink, Norbert, Hrsg. Gewalt und Gewaltlosigkeit im Alten Testament. Questiones disputate, 96. Freiburg: Herder, 1983.

Italian translation: Il Dio della Bibbia e la violenza. Studi sul Pentateuco. Brescia: Morcelliana, 1986.

MacCoby, Hyam. Ritual and Morality: The Ritual Purity System and Its Place in Judaism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Explains the ritual purity system of the Hebrew Bible and its development in rabbinic thought. Also discusses ritual purity in the New Testament and maintains that contrary to popular misconception ritual impurity is not to be identified with sin.

Malchow, Bruce. Social Justice in the Hebrew Bible: What is New and What is Old. Collegeville MN: Liturgical Press, 1996.

Malchow argues that the concept of social justice did not originate with Israel, but that she combined understandings of social justice from her neighbors with her own understandings in order to combat injustice with resources both “old” and “new.”

Marthys, Hans-Peter. Liebe deinen Nächsten wie dich selbst. Untersuchungen zum alttestamentlichen Gebot der Nächstenliebe (Lev 19,18). Orbis biblicus et orientatalis, 71. Freiburg/Schweiz: Universitäts Verlag; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1986.

Matthews, Victor H., Levinson, Bernard M., and Fymer-Kensky, Tivka, eds. Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. Supplement Series 262. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.

Papers originally presented in a 1995 meeting of the Biblical Law Group of the Society of Biblical Literature.

Reviewed by S. Van Dent Eynde in Heythrop Journal 41 (July 2000): 327-329.

McBride, Alfred, O. Praem. The Ten Commandments: Sounds of Love From Sinai. Cincinnati: St. Anthony Messenger Press, 1990.

Examines the positive value of each commandment and places it in the context of contemporary culture. Treats the commandments as "ten liberating values" which can function as "persuasive moral guides" when seen in the context of love.

Mein, Andrew. Ezekiel and the Ethics of Exile. Oxford Theological Monographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

The two moral worlds of Jerusalem and the exile provide the key to Ezekiel’s ethics.

Mesters, Carlos. Befreit-gebunden. Die 10 Gebote. Das Bundesbuch. Erlanger Taschenbücher, 94. Erlangen: Verlag der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Mission, 1989.

. Los Diez Mandamientos. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Paulinas, 1988.

Millar, J. Gary. Now Choose Life: Theology and Ethics in Deuteronomy. New Studies in Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1998.

Revised version of a doctoral dissertation done at Queen’s College, Oxford, which studies the various ethical themes and metaphors used in Deuteronomy, such as covenant, journey, law, as well as the moral dilemmas posed by the nations for Israel.

Millar is the associate minister of Hamilton Road Presbyterian Church in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland.

Miller, Patrick D., Jr. Sin and Judgment in the Prophets: A Stylistic and Theological Analysis. Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series, 27. Chico CA: Scholars Press, 1982.

Treats the question of the correspondence of sin and judgment in the prophetic writings, concentrating on Hosea, Amos, Micah and Isaiah.

Mills, Mary Eveyln. Biblical Morality: Moral Perspectives in Old Testament Narratives. Heythrop Studies in Contemporary Philosophy, Religion and Theology. Burlington VT: Ashgate, 2001.

Argues that the Old Testament stories build upon a moral vision across the levels of cosmos, community and person, which in turn furnish interpretive concepts for the reading of these texts. Also holds that biblical morality involves a plurality of meaning and cannot be reduced to a single unified reading which would yield a single-dimensional personal ethics of behavior.

Muilenburg, James. The Way of Israel: Biblical Faith and Ethics. Religious Perspectives, 5. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1961.

Nahmani, H.S. Human Rights in the Old Testament. Tel Aviv, 1964.

Nakanose, Shigeyuki. Josiah's Passover: Sociology and the Liberating Bible. Bible & Liberation Series. Maryknoll: Orbis Press, 1993.

Shigeyuki Nakanose, a Catholic priest born in Japan, now works with base communities in Brazil. He shows how "the so-called Deuteronomic reform spearheaded by King Josiah - including a revamped Passover festival as one of its cardinal features - decisively strengthened the small ruling elite of Judah to the detriment of the economic, social, political, and religious well-being of the majority of Israelites." He then goes on to show "how his understanding of biblical Passover was shared with leaders and lay participants in Brazilian basic ecclesial communities in and around Sâo Paulo, as well as how they responded to it."

Niditch, Susan. War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Using approaches from anthropology, comparative literature, and feminist studies, the author considers a number of war ideologies present in the Hebrew Bible.

Nielsen, E. The Ten Commandments in New Perspective: A Traditio-historical Approach. London: SCM Press; Naperville IL: Allenson, 1968.

Otto, Eckart. Theologische Ethik des Alten Testaments. Theologische Wissenschaft 3,2. Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln: Kohlhammer, 1994.

Reviewed by Gian Luigi Prato under the title, "Un'etica teologica dell'Antico Testamento condannata a fallire?" Rassegna di Teologia 37 (1996): 63-78.

van Oyen, Hendrik. Ethik des Alten Testaments. Geschichte der Ethik, 2. Gütersloh: Mohn, 1967.

In French: Ethique de l'Ancien Testament. Genève: Labor et Fides, 1974.

Palmer, Earl F. Old Law--New Life: The Ten Commandments and New Testament Faith. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1984.

Pleins, John David. The Social Vision of the Hebrew Bible: A Theological Introduction. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press: 2001.

Presents a sociological study of the Hebrew Bible with a view to understanding its social vision by examining biblical statements on social ethics, in the framework of Israel’s social institutions and the wider social location and history of Israel and the Israelites.

Reviewed by Gina Hens-Piazza in Theological Studies 63 (September 2002): 601-602.

Pleins teaches at Santa Clara University.

Priest, James E. Governmental and Judicial Ethics in the Bible and Rabbinic Literature. Malibu CA: Pepperdine University Press, 1980.

Reviewed by Michael Fishbane in Journal of Religion 64 (1984): 107-109.

Rad, Gerhard von. Holy War in Ancient Israel. Translated and edited by Marva J. Dawn and John H. Yoder. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1990.

German original: Heilige Krieg im alten Israel

Rashkow, Ilona N. Taboo or Not Taboo: Sexuality and Family in the Hebrew Bible. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000.

Reviewed by Ronald A. Simkins in Theological Studies 62 (September 2001): 649-650.

Reventlow, Henning Graf, and Hoffman, Yair, eds. Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence. Journal for the Study of Old Testament Supplement Series, 137. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

Ringe, Sharon H. Jesus, Liberation, and the Biblical Jubilee: Images for Ethics and Christology. Overtures to Biblical Theology, 19. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985.

Runions, Erin. Changing Subjects: Gender, Nature and Future in Micah. Playing the Text Series, 7. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001.

Uses a post-colonial gender critical stance informed by the approaches of Homi Bhabha, Louis Althusser, Jacques Lacan, Slovoj Zizek, who are all key figures in cultural studies.

Runions is a postdoctoral Research Associate at the Center for Research on Women, at Barnard College of Columbia University.

Sanders, E[d]. P[arish]. Jewish Law from Jesus to the Mishnah. London: SCM Press, 1990.

Schilling, Alfred. Die zehn Gebote. Eine Anleitung zu ihrem rechten Verständnis und zu ihre Verkündigung heute. Luzern/Stuttgart: Rex-Verlag, 1982.

Schmidt, W.H., H. Delkurt, und A. Graupner, eds. Die Zehn Gebote im Ramen alttestamentlicher Ethik. Erträge der Forschung, 281. Darmstadt: Wissenschftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1993.

Schreiner, Josef. I dieci comandamenti nella vita del popolo di Dio. Biblioteca biblica, 5. Brescia: Queriniana, 1991.

Translated from the German.

Sentuq, D. "Le Décalogue. Des sources d'un Droit à l'origine du peuple de Dieu." In L'Ancien Testament, Approches et lecutres, 173-207. Le point théoloique, 24. Ed. A. Vanel. Paris: Beauschene, 1977.

Sicre, José Luis. El clamor de los profestas en favor de la justícia. Curso Fe y Justícia. Madrid: Fundación Santa Maria, 1988.

. Con los pobres de la tierra. La justicia social en los profestas de Israel. Madrid: Ediciones Cristiandad, 1984.

Spong, John Shelby and Haines, Denise G. Beyond Moralism: A Contemporary View of the Ten Commandments. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1986.

Stamm, J.J., and Andrews, M[ary].E[dith]. The Ten Commandments in Recent Research. London: SCM Press; Naperville IL: Allenson, 1967.

Stone, Ken, ed. Queer Commentary and the Hebrew Bible. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 334. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001.

Contributors come from a variety of backgrounds, both religious, gender, and orientation. YHWH as Erastes / Theodore W. Jennings, Jr. -- Yahweh as Top : A lost Targum / Roland Boer -- Violent Femmes and S/M : Queering Samson and Delilah / Lori Rowlett -- Lovers and raisin cakes : Food, sex and divine insecurity in Hosea / Ken Stone -- The gift of voice, the gift of tears : A Queer reading of Lamentations in the context of AIDS / Mona West -- Remembering Pelotit : A Queer Midrash on calling down fire / Michael Carden -- Cruising as methodology : Homoeroticsm and the Scriptures / Timothy R. Koch -- (Cor)Responding A letter to the editor / Tat-Siong Benny Liew -- A gay male ethicist's response to Queer readings of the Bible / Daniel T. Spencer -- Yahwist desires : Imagining divinity queerly / Laurel C. Schneider.

Stone is Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible at Chicago Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois.

. Sex, Honor, and Power in the Deuteronomistic History. Sheffield: Sheffield University Academic Press, 1996.

Tang, S.Y. "The Ethical Content of Job 31: A Comparative Study." Ph.D. Dissertation for the University of Edinburgh, 1967.

Testa, Emmanuele. La morale dell'Antico Testamento. Brescia: Morcelliana, 1981.

Reviewed by Alviero Niccacci in Rivista di Teologia Morale 23 (1991): 393-396.

Tomson, Peter J. Paul and the Jewish Law: Halakha in the Letters of the Apostle to the Gentiles. Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum III/2. Assen and Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990.

Reviewed by Timothy H. Lim in Journal of Jewish Studies 43 (1992): 157-160.

Weems, Renita J. Battered Love: Marriage, Sex, and Violence in the Hebrew Prophets. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995.

Investigates ways in which the Hebrew Prophets' descriptions of divine love, compassion, and commitment to the covenant, as well as the prophetic discourse, rhetoric and sexual metaphors used, became linked to violence against women, such as battery, infidelity, rape and mutilation.

Weems teaches Hebrew Bible at Vanderbilt Divinity School.

Weinfeld, Moshe. Justice and Righteousness in Israel and the Nations: Equality and Freedom in Ancient Israel in Light of Social Justice in the Ancient Near East. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press. The Hebrew University, 1985.

. Social Justice in Ancient Israel and in the Ancient Near East. Minneapolis: Fortress Press; Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, The Hebrew University, 1995.

Shows that the biblical expression "to do justice (mishpat) and righteousness (zedekah)" generally refers to acting on behalf of the poor and oppressed. After an analysis of the meaning of the terms, Weinfeld investigates the ideal of justice in relation to social reforms promoted by Israelite monarchy, the implications of the ideal in individual life, and the theological implications of all aspects of the concept.

Wénin, André. L’homme biblique. Anthropologie et ethique dans le premier Testament. Paris: Les Editions de Cerf, 1995.

Westbrook, Raymond. Property and the Family in Biblical Law. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 113. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991.

Contains five previously published essays on this theme, plus two previously unpublished essays.

Whybray, R.N. Wealth and Poverty in the Book of Proverbs. Sheffield: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Press, 1990.

Reviewed by Joseph Mulroney in The Heythrop Journal 34 (1993): 187-188.

Winninge, Mikael. Sinners and the Righteous: A Comparative Study of the Psalms of Solomon and Paul’s Letters. Coniectanea Biblica, New Testament Series 26. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiskell International, 1995.

Wolff, Hans Walter, Hrsg. Gottes Recht: Gesammelte Studien zum Recht in Alten Testament. München: Christian Kaiser Verlag, 1961.

Wright, Christopher J.H. An Eye for An Eye: The Place of Old Testament Ethics Today. Downers Grove Il: InterVarsity Press, 1983.

Same book as Living as the People of God.

Excellent, very readable approach to a "typology" of Old Testament ethics. Has a good basic bibliography of further books and articles for each chapter of the book.

. Living as the People of God: The Relevance of Old Testament Ethics. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press, 1983.

Same book as An Eye for an Eye.

. Walking in the Ways of the Lord: The Ethical Authority of the Old Testament. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996.

Wright first investigates the perennial issues in approaching Scripture's ethical authority. He then considers the various ways in which the church had understood and lived under the ethical authority of the Old Testament, including a survey of contemporary approaches. Finally he employs his method by exploring the specific issues of land, jubilee, the state, human rights and the struggle against corruption, dishonesty and injustice.

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NEW TESTAMENT ETHICS

General and Miscellaneous Works in New Testament Ethics

Articles on General New Testament Ethics

Aguirre, R. "El mensaje de Jesús y los ideales del Reino de Dios." Lumen 38 (1989): 449-473.

Alvarez-Verdes, Lorenzo, C.Ss.R. "Las éticas bíblicas del Nuevo Testamento." Estudios Biblicos 48 (1990): 113-136.

Essentially the same bibliographical article is also found under the title "La etica del Nuevo Testamento, Panorámica actual," in Studia Moralia 29 (1991): 421-454.

Baden, H.J. "Ethischer Pluralismus im Neuen Testament." Theologie der Gegenwart 19 (1976): 13-17.

Barton, Stephen C. “The Epistles in Christian Ethics.” In The Cambridge Companion to Christian Ethics, 63-73. Edited by Robin Gill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Becker, Jürgen. "Das Ethos Jesu und die Geltung des Gesetzes." In Neues Testament und Ethik. Für Rudolf Schnackenburg, 31-52. Herausgegeben von Helmut Merklein. Freiburg: Herder, 1989.

Blank, Josef. "New Testament Morality and Modern Moral Theology." Concilium 5 (1967): 6-12.

In Spanish: "Sobre el problema de las `normas éticas' en el Nuevo Testamento." Concilium 25 (1967): 187-201.

Outlines some of the issues in approaching the ethical material of the New Testament, and the methodological concerns these present to the moral theologian. The concept of "norms" as such does not fit well into the ethical discourse of the Bible, and interpretation of the scriptural material is an indispensable requirement for any application to the concrete issues of contemporary moral theology.

. "Unity and Plurality in New Testament Ethics." Concilium 150 (1981): 65-71.

In Spanish: "Unidad y pluralidad en la ética del NT." Concilium 17 (1981): 526-537.

Outlines an ethos of "itinerant radicalism" and its relation to eschatology visible in the Synoptic tradition coming out of rural Palestine, and contrasts this with the change of ethos to a "love radicalism" seen in the Pauline and Deutero-Pauline literature. Concludes that the constant task facing Christians is "always to confront Jesus' ethical sayings and those of the New Testament traditions/authors with changing socio-cultural circumstances and to put them in practice." p. 70.

. "Il problema delle norme etiche nel Nuovo Testamento." Concilium (5/1967): 23-38.

In German: "Zum Problem ethischer Normen im Neuen Testament." In Herausforderung und Kritik der Moraltheologie, ed. Georg Teichtweier and Wilhelm Dreier, 172-83. Würzburg: Echter Verlag, 1971.

Bonora, Antonio. "L'appello alla Scrittura nell'enciclica «Sollicitudo rei socialis»." In La dottrina sociale della Chiesa, 242-250. Gianni Ambrosio, et al. Milano: Glossa, 1989.

Bonora, who is a biblical exegete, is not very impressed by either the integration of Scripture in Pope John Paul II’s 1988 social encyclical or the level of exegesis of the Biblical citations which are included.

Briend, Jacques. "Honore ton père et ta mère." Christus 31 (122, 1984): 203-216.

Burrows, Millar. "Old Testament Ethics and the Ethics of Jesus." In Essays in Old Testament Ethics (J. Philip Hyatt, In Memoriam), 215-223. Edited by James L. Crenshaw and John T. Willis. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1974.

Cahill, Lisa Sowle. "Kingdom and Cross: Christian Moral Community and the Problem of Suffering." Interpretation 50 (April 1996): 156-68.

The Bible guides Christian ethics by showing how Jesus and early Christianity transformed the moral conventions of first-century Greco-Roman society by making them more inclusive and compassionate. This is the one side of the coin. The other side, however, is that the Bible also attests to the problem of the existence of evil and suffering in human life. In Paul's theology of cross and resurrection, Christian ethicists confront the ineradicable nature of this problem and the need to identify with those who must suffer.

. "The New Testament and Ethics: Communities of Social Change." Interpretation 44 (1990): 383-395.

Cahill discusses several leading theologians who use Scripture in their ethical analysis: Stanley Hauerwas, John Howard Yoder, Bruce Birch and Larry Rasmussen, Thomas Ogletree, Gustavo Gutiérrez, Halvor Moxnes, Richard A. Horsley, Ched Myers, Michael Crosby, Dan O. Via, Herman C. Waetjen, and Richard J. Cassidy. Her discussion centers on the role of an authoritative Scripture for contemporary ethical reflection, specifically on how the socially radical communities reflected in Scripture may propose authoritative patterns for today. Cahill concludes by posing a number of what she terms "veridical problems" in evaluating both the possibility and use of ethically normative biblical material.

Carrillo, S. "`Amarás al Señor, tu Dios, con todo el corazón...'." Medellín 10 (1984): 42-54.

Collins, Raymond F. "Obedience, Children and the Fourth Commandment--A New Testament Perspective." Louvain Studies 4 (1972): 157-173.

Collins taught New Testament for many years at Louvain in Belgium, and is now at Catholic University in Washington, D.C.

. "Scripture and the Christian Ethic." Proceedings of the Catholic Theological Society of America 29 (1974): 215-241.

Collins' presentation is followed by two responses (found in the same volume of the CTSA Proceedings): the first by John Dedek, pp. 243-246; and the second by Val Peter, pp. 247-253.

Dautzenberg, Gerhard. "Neutestamentliche Ethik und autonome Moral." Tübinger Theologische Quartelschrift 161 (1981): 43-55.

Italian translation: "Critica della legge e ubbidienza alla legge nella tradizione di Gesù." In Saggi esegetici sulla legge nel Nuovo Testamento, 41-64, a cura di Karl Kertelge, (Cinisello Balsamo: Edizioni Paoline, 1990).

De Virgilio, Giuseppe. "Etica del Nuovo Testamento: lo stato della ricerca." Bibbia e Oriente 33 (1991): 141-155.

Presents first an overview of some of the principal issues involved in the question of the place of revelation, and especially the New Testament, for moral theology, and then discusses a number of recent works in three sub-areas: general New Testament ethics, ethics in the various gospels, and ethics in the Pauline literature.

. "Etica e Scrittura: il Nuovo Testamento." Rivista di Teologia Morale 23 (1991): 363-371.

L'articolo traccia un quadro sintetico dello status questiones epistemologico circa la relazione tra le due discipline: l'etica e la Scrittura. La selezione bibliografica però manca un grande numero dei titoli più recenti delle lingue non-italiana.

Discusses the status questiones of relation between ethics and Scriptural studies. However, the bibliography considered in the article omits many recent works which are not in Italian.

Delhaye, Philippe. "Questioning the Specificity of Christian Morality," in Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology, No. 2: The Distinctiveness of Christian Ethics, 234-269. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

French original: "La mise en cause de la spécificité de la morale chrétienne." Revue Theologique de Louvain 4 (1973): 308-339.

Discusses the specificity of Christian ethics and the relation Scripture plays to this issue.

Descamps, A[lbert].L. "La morale synoptique." In Morale chrétienne et reqûetes contemporaines, 27-45. Tournai-Paris, 1954.

Dilhe, Albrecht. "Ethik." In Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum. I. Neues Testament, 701-728. Hrsg. Th. Klauser. Stuttgart, 1966.

Espinel, J.L. "Jesús y los movimientos políticos y sociales de su tiempo. Estado actual de la cuestión." Ciencia Tomista 113 (1986): 251-284.

Evans, Craig A. "Jesus' Ethic of Humility." Trinity Journal 13 ns (1992): 127-138.

Reviews Jesus' principal statements about the kingdom and messiahship and then traces the origin and understanding of humility in Jesus' ethic.

Fabris, Rinaldo. "Morale del Nuovo Testamento." In Nuovo Dizionario di Teologia Morale, 786-800. A cura di Francesco Compagnoni, Giannino Piana, e Salvatore Privitera. Cinisello Balsamo: Edizioni Paoline, 1990.

Fee, Gordon D. "Issues in Evangelical Hermeneutics, Part II: The Crucial Issue--Authorial Intentionality: A Proposal Regarding New Testament Imperatives." Crux 26 (3/1990): 35-42.

Following some preliminary observations on hermeneutics and normativity, Fee raises the question of authorial intent in reference to the New Testament imperatives. Suggests that these are best understood as part of the gospel, and not some new form of law.

Fiedler, Peter. "La Tora in Gesù e nella tradizione di Gesù." In Saggi esegetici sulla legge nel Nuovo Testamento, 65-81, a cura di Karl Kertelge, (Cinisello Balsamo: Edizioni Paoline, 1990).

German original in Das Gesetz im Neuen Testament. Herausgegeben von Karl Kertelge. Questiones Disputatae, 108. Freiburg: Herder, 1986.

Forell, George Wolfgang. "New Testament Ethics." Chapter 1 in History of Christian Ethics. Volume 1: From the New Testament to Augustine, 13-32. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1979.

Forell is Carver Distinguished Professor of Religion at the University of Iowa.

Fraijó, M. "Jesús frente al sistema dominante de su época." Razón y Fe 219 (1989): 626-638.

Fuller, Reginald H. “The Decalogue in the New Testament.” Interpretation 43 (1989): 243-255.

Furger, Franz. "Ethische Argumentation und neutestamentliche Aussagen." In Ethik im Neuen Testament, 13-31. Hrsg. Karl Kertelge. Freiburg: Herder, 1984.

Gnilka, Joachim. "Apokalyptik und Ethik. Die Kategorie der Zukunft als Anweisung für sittliches Handeln." In Neues Testament und Ethik. Für Rudolf Schnackenburg, 464-481. Herausgegeben von Helmut Merklein. Freiburg: Herder, 1989.

Goffi, Tullo. "L'etica di Gesù di Nazaret." Rivista di Teologia Morale 17 (1985): 33-42.

Gómez Dorado, Guillermo. "¿Fue Jesús de Nazaret crítico implacable de las instituciones?" Moralia 2 (1980): 32-56.

. "La Moral del Nuevo Testamento. Boletin Bibliografico." En Perspectivas de moral bíblica, 173-192. Estudios de Etica Teologica. Edd. Marciano Vidal, Francisco Lage y Alfosno Ruiz-Mateos. Madrid: Instituto Superior de Ciencas Morales, PS Editorial, 1984.

Grant, F.C. "The Impractibility of the Gospel Ethics." In Aux sources de la tradition chrétienne, 86-94. Edited by Oscar Cullman. Paris: Delachaux et Niestle, 1950.

Gräßer, Erich. "Zum Stichwort «Interimsethik». Eine notwendige Korrektur." In Neues Testament und Ethik. Für Rudolf Schnackenburg, 16-30. Herausgegeben von Helmut Merklein. Freiburg: Herder, 1989.

Grech, Prosper, O.S.A., Segalla, Giuseppe. "L'etica del N.T." In Metodologia per uno studio della teologia del Nuovo Testamento, 143-171. Torino: Marietti, 1978.

Gregorios, Paulos Mar. "New Testament Foundations for Understanding the Creation." In Liberating Life: Contemporary Approaches to Ecological Theology, 37-45. Edited by Charles Birch, William Eakin and Jay B. McDaniel. Maryknoll: Orbis Press, 1990.

Gustafson, James M. "The Relation of the Gospels to the Moral Life." Chapter 7 in Theology and Christian Ethics, 147-159. Philadelphia: Pilgrim Press, 1974.

This has established itself as a foundational essay in the area of methodology of Scripture and New Testament ethics.

Häring, Bernard, C.Ss.R. "Avenir de la théologie morale, avenir de la morale." Lumière & vie 39 (décembre, 1990): 105-16.

"On a proposé le mot «parénèse». Mais il n'a pas de fondement biblique. Il est encore trop moralisant. La Bible parle de paraclèse: ce mot rappele immédiatement le paraclet, celui qui console, encourage, rend possible (les termes parakalein, paraklesis, et parakletos, figuerent plus de cent fois dans le Nouveau Testament). C'est le concept-clé d'une intervention éthique pneumatologiquement juste. Il exprime toujours en premier lieu le message de la grâce, de l'action de l'Esprit-Saint, de la vocation «dans le Christ», et cela de telle manière que l'exigence, jamais séparée des paroles de consolation et d'encouragement, signifie exhortation." (p. 116).

Suggests that rather than speaking of “paranesis” (exhortation) in biblical morality one should speak instead of “paraclesis”--the gift and action of the Holy Spirit--as being the key to understanding how Christians live their lives of faith.

Häring (born 1912) is a major Roman Catholic moral theologian who sought to incorporate Scripture into his approach to moral theology, and who taught moral theology for a number of years at the Academia Alphonsianum in Rome.

Hays, Richard B. "New Testament Ethics: The Theological Task." The Annual of the Society of Christian Ethics (1995): 97-120.

Hays is professor of New Testament at Duke University Divinity School, and taught for a number of years previously at Yale.

. “Recent Books on New Testament Ethics.” Quarterly Review 6 (4, 1986): 13-30.

. "Scripture--Shaped Community: The Problem of Method in New Testament Ethics." Interpretation 44 (1990): 42-55.

Also found in Evangelical Review of Theology 18 (1994): 234-247.

Gives a good review of the principal problems and principles in using Scripture in moral theology. Hays concentrates on the hermeneutical issues involved in this use of Scripture, and concludes his article with a trial application to a "test case" involving the Christian community's response to the problem of the homeless.

Henning, R. "`Familiensoziologisches' in Neuen Testament." Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaft 29 (1988): 175-191.

Hiers, Richard H. "Jesus, Ethics and the Present Situation." In Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 1-20. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

This article originally appeared in Hiers' Jesus and Ethics, Four Interpretations.

Horn, Friederich Wilhelm. “Ethik des Neuen Testaments 1982-1992.” Theologische Rundschau 60 (1/1995): 32-86.

Iersel, Bas van. "The Normative Anthropology of the Gospel." Concilium 5 (8/1972): 48-57.

"The Gospel provides only one fundamental element for a normative view of man, and that is the model of man's absolute involvement with his fellow man in need, the model of complete human solidarity. All the rules of human conduct found in the Gospel can be traced back to this." p. 57.

Johnson, Luke Timothy. “Why Scripture Isn’t Enough.” Commonweal (6 June 1997): 23-25.

Somewhat critical review of Richard B. Hays’ The Moral Vision of the New Testament (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996).

Johnson is professor of New Testament at the Candler School of Theology at Emory University.

Keck, Leander E. "Ethos and Ethics in the New Testament." In Essays in Morality and Ethics. The Annual Publication of the College Theology Society, 29-49. Edited by James Gaffney. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

Keck is Winkley Professor of Biblical Theology at Yale Divinity School.

Kvalbein, Hans. “The Kingdom of God in the Ethics of Jesus.” Studia Theologica 51 (1997): 60-84.

One of several articles in this issue on scriptural ethics.

Leonardi, Giovanni. "Introduzione all'etica del Nuovo Testamento." Studia Patavina 37 (1990): 601-625.

Review of the book of the same title by Giuseppe Segalla.

Lohfink, Gerhard. “Die Not der Exegese mit der Reich-Gottes-Verkündigung Jesu.” Theologische Quartelschrift 168 (1988): 1-15.

Lyonnet, Stanislaus, S.J. "Les fondements bibliques de la Constitution pastorale Gaudium et Spes." In L'Eglise dans le monde de ce temps, 196-212. Edited by G. Baraũna. Bruges, 1967.

Marshall, I. Howard. "New Occasions Teach New Duties? The Use of the New Testament in Christian Ethics." The Expository Times 105 (1994): 131-136.

Overview of some the issues and problems associated with the use of Scripture in ethics, focusing primarily on the contributions of Richard Longenecker and Richard B. Hays.

Marshall is Honorary Research Professor of New Testament at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland.

. “‘Sins’ and ‘Sin’.” Bibliotheca Sacra 159 (January–March 2002): 3-20.

This is the first of a four-part series, “Four ‘Bad’ Words in the New Testament,” delivered as the W.H. Griffith Thomas Lectures at Dallas Theological Seminary, 6-9 February 2001.

. “Who Is a Hypocrite?” Bibliotheca Sacra 159 (April–June 2002): 131-150.

This is the second of a four-part series, “Four ‘Bad’ Words in the New Testament,” delivered as the W.H. Griffith Thomas Lectures at Dallas Theological Seminary, 6-9 February 2001.

. “Should Christians Boast?” Bibliotheca Sacra 159 (July–September 2002): 259-276.

This is the third of a four-part series, “Four ‘Bad’ Words in the New Testament,” delivered as the W.H. Griffith Thomas Lectures at Dallas Theological Seminary, 6-9 February 2001.

. “Living in the ‘Flesh’.” Bibliotheca Sacra 159 (October–December 2002): 387-403.

This is the fourth of a four-part series, “Four ‘Bad’ Words in the New Testament,” delivered as the W.H. Griffith Thomas Lectures at Dallas Theological Seminary, 6-9 February 2001.

McGrath, Alister E. "In What Way Can Scripture Be a Moral Example for Christians?" Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 34 (1991): 289-298.

Failure to grasp Jesus Christ's gospel relevance results in the acceptance of worldly standards for human behavior. A proper Christian doctrine also will preserve Christian distinctiveness so that it not be lost in the liberal American culture.

McIlhone, James P. "The Gospels: A Source of Morality." The Bible Today 31 (1993): 277-282.

Brief overview of the principal moral themes in the Gospels.

McIlhone teaches Scripture at Mundelein Seminary.

Meeks, Wayne A. “Understanding Early Christian Ethics.” Journal of Biblical Literature 105 (1986): 3-11.

Merk, Otto. "Ethik im Neuen Testament. Zu Wolfgang Schrages Gesamtdarstellung." Theologische Literaturzietung 112 (1987): 641-650.

Mott, Stephen Charles. "The Use of the New Testament for Social Ethics." Journal of Religious Ethics 15 (1987): 225-260.

Moule, C.F.D. [Charles Francis Digby] "Important Moral Issues: Prolegomena: The New Testament and Moral Decisions." Expository Times 74 (1963): 370-373.

Mueller, G. "Der Dekalog im NT." Theologische Zeitschrift 38 (1982): 79-97.

Muñoz Iglesias, Salvador. "Old Testament Values superseded by the New." Concilium 10 (1967): 50-55.

Oriol, J. "¿Qué significa seguir a Jesús hoy?" Razón y Fe 212 (1985): 25-39.

van Ouwerkerk, Conrad. "Gospel Morality and Human Compromise." Concilium 5 (1965): 5-12.

Patte, Daniel. “New Testament Ethics: Envisioning Its Critical Study in This Day and Age.” Perspectives in Religious Studies 23 (1996): 175-198.

Penna, Romano. "Nuovo Testamento ed esigenza morale." Lateranum 60, no. 1 (1994): 5-27.

Perkins, Pheme. "Jesus and Ethics." Theology Today 52 (1995): 49-65.

Discusses reasons why the image of Jesus might be out of focus in both contemporary Christian ethics and popular consciousness, and utilizing the work of many exegetes suggests ways in which some of the problematic elements might be avoided in appropriating ethics based in New Testament biblical texts.

Perkins is professor of New Testament at Boston College.

. "New Testament Ethics: Questions and Contexts." Religious Studies Review. 10 (1984): 321-327.

Pokorny, P. "Neutestamentliche Ethik und die Probleme ihrer Darstellungen." Evangelische Theologie 50 (1990): 357-371.

Rebell, Walter. "Neutestamentliche Ethik--Anmerkungen zum gegenwärtigen Diskussionstand." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 32 (1988): 142-151.

Rodríguez Carmona, A. "Tolerancia e intolerancia en el NT." Estudios Eclesiásticos 59 (1984): 265-295.

Roloff, Jürgen. "Themen und Traditionen urchristlicher Amststrägerparänese." In Neues Testament und Ethik. Für Rudolf Schnackenburg, 507-526. Herausgegeben von Helmut Merklein. Freiburg: Herder, 1989.

Salguero, José, O.P. "Relazione tra l'Antica e la Nuova Alleanza." Angelicum 60 (1983): 165-189.

Sanders, Jack T. “The Question of the Relevance of Jesus for Ethics Today.” In Charles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick, S.J., eds., Readings in Moral Theology No. 4: The Use of Scripture in Moral Theology, 45-65. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

This article originally appeared in the Journal of the American Academy of Religion in 1970.

Schlosser, J. "Le Règne de Dieu, présent et à venir dans la prédication de Jésus." Revue de Droit Canonique 33 (1983): 201-212.

Schnackenburg, Rudolf. "Ethische Argumentationsmethoden und neutestamentlich-ethische Aussagen." In Ethik im Neuen Testament, 32-49. Hrsg. Karl Kertelge. Freiburg: Herder, 1984.

. "Das Ethos des Alten Bundes und die sittliche Botschaft Jesu." In Der Mensch und sein sittlicher Auftrag. Hrsg. H. Althaus. Freiburg, 1983.

. "Neutestamentliche Ethik im Kontext heutiger Wirklichkeit." In Anspruch der Wirklichkeit und christlicher Glaube: Probleme und Wege theologischer Ethik heute, 193-207. Hrsg. Helmut Weber und Dietmar Mieth. Düsseldorf: Patmos Verlag, 1980.

Schneider, Gerhard. "Imitatio Dei als Motiv der «Ethik Jesu»." In Neues Testament und Ethik. Für Rudolf Schnackenburg, 71-83. Herausgegeben von Helmut Merklein. Freiburg: Herder, 1989.

Schrage, Wolfgang. "Ethische Tendenzen in der Textüberlieferung des Neuen Testaments." In Studien zum Text und zur Ethik des Neuen Testaments. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstag von Heinrich Greeven, 374-396. Herausgegeben von Wolfgang Schrage. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1986.

. "Komparativ Ethik im Neuen Testament." In Neues Testament und Ethik. Für Rudolf Schnackenburg, 482-506. Herausgegeben von Helmut Merklein. Freiburg: Herder, 1989.

. "Zum Komparativ in der urchristlichen Ethik." Evangelische Theologie 48 (1988): 330-345

Schulz, Siegfried. "Evangelium und Welt. Hauptprobleme einer Ethik des Neuen Testaments." In Neues Testament und christlicher Existenz, 483-501. Herausgegeben von Hans Dieter Betz und Luise Schottroff. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1973.

Festschrift für Herbert Braun zum 70. Geburtstag.

Festschrift for Herbert Braun on the occasion of his 70^th birthday.

Schürmann, Heinz. "How Normative Are the Values and Precepts of the New Testament?" In Principles of Christian Morality, 9-44. Translated by Graham Harrison. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986.

Also found in International Theological Commission: Texts and Documents (1969-1985), 121-128. Edited by Michael Sharkey. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989.

German original: "Die Frage nach der Verbindlichkeit der neutestamentlichen Wertungen und Weisungen." In Joseph Ratzinger, Hrsg. Prinzipien Christlicher Moral, 9-39. Einsiedeln, 1975.

In French: "Du caractère obligatoire des normes et directives morales du Nouveau Testament." In Joseph Ratzinger et Philippe Delhaye, ed., Principes d'éthique chrétienne, 37-71. Le Sycomore. Paris: Editions Lethielleux, 1979.

. “L’impact des normes morales du nouveau Testament.” Esprit et Vie 85 (1975): 593-603.

. “Menschenwürde und Menschenrechte im Licht der «Offenbarung Iesu Christi»." Gregorianum 65 (1984): 327-336.

Prepared as a Working Paper for the International Theological Commission plenary session in December, 1983.

. "Moraltheologische Ansätze in der Mahnungen und Weisungen Jesus. Questiones disputandae." Theologie und Glaube 72 (1982): 446-450.

Scroggs, Robin. "The New Testament and Ethics: How Do We Get from There to Here?" Perspectives in Religious Studies 11 (4, 1984): 77-93.

Also found in Perspectives on the New Testament: Essays in honor of Frank Stagg, 77-93. Edited by Charles H. Talbert. Macon GA: Mercer University Press, 1985.

Includes a discussion of James M. Gustafson.

Segalla, Giuseppe. "C'è un'etica «cristiana» nel Nuovo Testamento?" Rivista Biblica 37 (1989): 461-467.

Critical review of the book by Willi Marxsen, `Christliche' und christliche Ethik im Neuen Testament, (Gütersloh, 1989). English translation: New Testament Foundations for Christian Ethics, (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993).

Segalla is professor of New Testament Exegesis at the Theological Faculty of Milan.

. "«Etiche del Nuovo Testamento» (1933-1976): Una rassegna." Studia Patavina 24 (1977): 37-54.

English digest version: "‘New Testament ethics’: a survey (1933--1976)." Theology Digest 27 (1979): 3-9.

. "Regno di Dio e ordine giuridico nel Nuovo Testamento." In AAVV. Ordine morale e ordine giuridico. Rapporto e distinzione tra diritto e morale, 109-172. Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane Bologna, 1985.

Also in Idem, Introduzione all'etica del Nuovo Testamento, 239-289. Biblioteca Biblica, 2. Brescia: Queriniana, 1989.

. "La triplice funzione dell'esperienza nell'etica sapienziale di Gesù." Teologia 16 (1991): 101-146.

Considers the function of human experience in the sapiential ethics of Jesus. 30 of these sayings are examined both exegetically and theologically, comparing Jesus' sayings with the Law, eschatological message, and finally, with experience used as a metaphor.

Spicq, Ceslas, O.P. "Charité et vie morale selon le NT." La Vie Spirituelle 658 (1984): 4-16.

Spohn, William C. "Jesus and Christian Ethics." Theological Studies 56 (1995): 92-107.

Part of the annual "Notes on Moral Theology" in which Spohn examines three themes which have had an important impact in recent theological literature: the shift from history to ethics, Jesus as subversive sage versus eschatological prophet debate, and the use of analogical reasoning in addressing the normativity of Jesus for Christian ethics.

. "Jesus and Ethics." Catholic Theological Society of America Proceedings 49 (1994): 40-57.

Presented as a Plenary Address at the 1994 CTSA Convention.

Strecker, Georg. "Strukturen einer neutestamentlichen Ethik." Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 75 (1978): 117-146.

Tettamanzi, Dionigi. "L'etica cristiana `sub luce' Evangelii." Rivista del Clero Italiano 55 (1974): 194-205.

Tettamanzi did his doctorate in moral theology under Josef Fuchs, S.J. at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, and later was made a bishop.

Vanni, Ugo, S.J. "Carità e politica nel Nuovo Testamento." Civiltà Cattolica 141 (1990): 15-28.

Vanni is professor of New Testament at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Vidal, Marciano, C.Ss.R. "El `ethos' juvenil del Evangelio." Sal Terrae 73 (1985): 571-583.

. "Etica narrativa en los Evangelios. Aproximaciones generales de caracter metodológico y temático." Moralia 6 (1984): 145-171.

Tambien en [also found in] Perspectivas de moral bíblica, 145-171. Estudios de Etica Teologica. Edd. Marciano Vidal, Francisco Lage y Alfosno Ruiz-Mateos. Madrid: Instituto Superior de Ciencas Morales, PS Editorial, 1984.

Wall, Robert W. “Introduction: New Testament Ethics.” Horizons in Biblical Theology 5/2 (1983): 49-94.

. "New Testament Ethics." In Christian Ethics: An Inquiry into Christian Ethics from a Biblical Theological Perspective, 31-75. Edited by Leon O. Hynson and Lane A. Scott. Anderson IN: Warner Press, 1983.

Wall has a Th.D from Dallas Theological Seminary and is associate professor of biblical studies and ethics at Seattle Pacific University.

Wiebe, Ben. "Messianic Ethics: Response to the Kingdom of God." Interpretation 45 (1991): 29-42.

Jesus' ethics envisaged not the individual--as so much of modern scholarship has mistakenly supposed--but restored Israel as a community brought into being through appropriate response to Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom.

Wilder, Amos N. "The Basis of Christian Ethics in the New Testament." Journal of Religious Thought 15 (1958): 137-146.

Williams, Rowan D. “Interiority and Epiphany: A Reading in New Testament Ethics.” Modern Theology 13 (1997): 29-51.

Williams is Bishop of Monmouth, Wales.

Zeller, Dieter. "Wie imperativ ist der Indikativ?" In Ethik im Neuen Testament, 190-196. Hrsg. Karl Kertelge. Freiburg: Herder, 1984.

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Books on General New Testament Ethics

Baker, Eric W. The Neglected Factor--The Ethical Element in the Gospel. New York: Abingdon Press, 1963.

The 1963 Cato Lecture.

Betz, Hans Dieter, und Schottroff, Luise, Hrsgs. Neues Testament und christlicher Existenz. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1973.

Festschrift für Herbert Braun zum 70. Geburtstag.

Festschrift for Herbert Braun on the occasion of his 70^th birthday.

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. The Cost of Discipleship. Translated by Reginald H. Fuller, revised by Irmgard Booth. Rev. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1963.

German original: Nachfolge. München: Chr. Kaiser Verlag, 1937.

Translations available in many other languages, including Frenc, La Prix de la grâce, and Italian, Sequela, Nuovi Saggi Queriniana, 3, (Brescia: Queriniana, 1971).

Classic work of the well-known German Lutheran theologian was imprisoned in April 1943 for his role in the Nazi resistance hanged at the age of 39 by the Gestapo in the Nazi concentration camp at Flossenbürg in April 1945. The book contains a theological discussion of the meaning of Christian discipleship and for this Bonhoeffer devotes an extended discussion of the Call of Levi in Matthew’s Gospel and the Sermon on the Mount.

Borg, Marcus J. Conflict, Holiness & Politics in the Teachings of Jesus. Studies on the Bible and Early Christianity, 5. New York and Toronto: Edwin Mellen Press, 1984.

Braaten, Carl E. Eschatology and Ethics: Essays on the Theology and Ethics of the Kingdom of God. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1974.

Braaten is a well-known American Lutheran theologian.

Briggs, Charles A. (Charles Augustus), 1841-1913. The Ethical Teaching of Jesus. New York: Scribner's, 1904; Chicago: American Theological Library Association, (ATLA monograph preservation program), ATLA fiche, 1985.

Briggs lived from 1841-1913.

Burch, Ernest Ward. The Ethical Teaching of the Gospels. New York and Cincinnati: Abingdon Press, 1925.

Carter, Charles W., and Thompson, R. Duane. The Biblical Ethic of Love. American University Studies: Series 7, Theology and Religion, 79. Frankfurt-am-Main, Bern, New York, Paris: Peter Lang, 1990.

Carter is scholar-in-residence, and Thompson is professor of philosophy and religion at Indiana Wesleyan University.

Cave, Sydney. The Christian Way: A Study of New Testament Ethics in Relation to Present Problems. London: Nisbet, 1949.

Chilton, Bruce D. and McDonald, J [ames].I.H. Jesus and the Ethics of the Kingdom. Biblical Foundations in Theology. James D.G. Dunn and James P. Mackey, eds. London: SPCK, 1987. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988.

Collange, Jean François. De Jésus à Paul: L'éthique du Nouveau Testament. Le Champ éthique, 3. Genève: Labor et Fides, 1980.

Cook, David. Living in the Kingdom: The Ethics of Jesus. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1992.

Cranfield, C.E.B. The Bible and Christian Life. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1985.

Series of essays which deal with various aspects of New Testament ethics.

Dewar, Lindsay. An Outline of New Testament Ethics. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1949.

Dillmann, Rainer. Das Eigentliche der Ethik Jesu. Ein exegetischer Beitrag zur moraltheologischen Diskussion um das Proprium einer christlichen Ethik. Tübinger Theologische Studien, 23. Mainz: Matthais-Grünewald Verlag, 1984.

Donahue, John R., S.J. The Gospel in Parable: Metaphor, Narrative, and Theology in the Synoptic Gospels. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1988.

Discusses much of the ethical material in the gospel parables.

Donahue studied under Norman Perrin at the University of Chicago is Professor of Biblical Studies (New Testament) at the Jesuit School of Theology and Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley.

Farley, Benjamin W. In Praise of Virtue: An Exploration of the Biblical Virtues in a Christian Context. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995.

Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler. In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins. New York: Crossroad, 1983.

French translation: En Mémoire d'Elle: Essai de reconstruction des origines chrétiennes selon la théologie féministe. Cogitatio Fidei, 136. Traduit de l'américain par Macelline Brun. Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1986.

Italian translation: In memoria di lei: Una recostruzione femminista delle origini cristiane. Edizione italiana a cura di M. Corsani Comba. Torino: Claudiana, 1990.

Reviewed by Mary Pellauer in Theology Today 45 (1989): 472.

Also critically discussed by Giuseppe Segalla in his essay "L'Ermeneutica biblica femminista di E. Schüssler Fiorenza," Studia Patavina 37 (1990): 585-599

Flew, R. Newton. Jesus and His Way: A Study of the Ethics of the New Testament. London: Epworth Press, 1963.

An expansion of the 1948 Cato Lecture, and published after Flew's death in 1962.

Gallagher, John, C.S.B. The Basis for Christian Ethics. New York: Paulist Press, 1985.

See especially in Part II, "The Criteria for Moral Judgment: Sacred Scripture," Chapters 10-12 for Gallagher's treatment of New Testament ethics.

Goldsmith, Dale. New Testament Ethics. Elgin IL: Brethren Press, 1988.

Brief consideration of the distinctive "moral personality" of eight "authors" of the New Testament in reference to the Christian life: James, Paul, 1 Peter, Hebrews, as well as the four gospels. Goldsmith's treatment is aimed primarily at the interested lay reader rather than the professional exegete or ethician.

Goldsmith is an ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church.

Golser, Karl, Hrsg. Christlicher Glaube und Moral. Innsbruck-Wien, 1986.

Harrington, Daniel, S.J. , and Keenan, James F., S.J. Jesus and Virtue Ethics: Building Bridges between New Testament Studies and Moral Theology. Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, 2002.

Harvey, A.E. [Anthony Ernest]. Strenuous Commands: The Ethic of Jesus. London: SCM, 1990.

Harvey is Sub-Dean of Westminster, a former theology lecturer at the University of Oxford, and a New Testament scholar.

Harvey, Nicholas Peter. The Morals of Jesus. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1991.

States that Jesus did not offer a set of moral commands, and that in fact he was little interested in morals as such. Through an analysis of some of the "hard sayings" of Jesus Harvey intends to show that these should lead us to a creative freedom in which we can explore new dimensions of human life.

Harvey taught Christian ethics at Queen's College in Birmingham and is now a freelance writer and speaker.

Hays, Richard B. The Moral Vision of the New Testament: Community, Cross, New Creation. A Contemporary Introduction to New Testament Ethics. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1996.

Hays proposes three central organizing metaphors from the New Testament, Community, Cross, and New Creation, as a basic methodological approach to utilizing the biblical material in Christian ethics. Hays also names and treats four principal “tasks” of using the Bible in ethics: the descriptive task (what is being said); the synthetic task (how does this or that passage, text, etc., fit within the larger biblical text in a coherent manner); the hermeneutical task of interpreting the biblical texts for ethics, and finally the “pragmatic” task of “living under the Word” (applying the biblical texts to concrete moral issues). Hays treats several such issues in individual chapters: non-violence, divorce and remarriage, homosexuality, anti-Judaism and ethnic conflict, and abortion.

Hays is professor of New Testament at Duke University Divinity School, and taught for a number of years previously at Yale.

Reviewed by Luke Timothy Johnson: “Why Scripture Isn’t Enough.” Commonweal (6 June 1997): 23-25. Reviewed by Frank J. Matera in Theological Studies 58 (1997): 537-539. Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Theology Today.

Herr, Theodor. Naturrecht aus der kritischen Sicht des Neuen Testamentes. Abhandlungen zur Sozialethik, Band 11. Paderborn--München--Wien, 1976.

Hiers, Richard H. Jesus and Ethics, Four Interpretations. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1968.

Hoffmann, Paul.; Eid, Volker. Jesus von Nazareth und eine christliche Moral. Sittliche Perspektiven der Verkündigung Jesu. Questiones Disputatae, 66. Freiburg: Herder, 1975.

Horsley, Richard A. The Liberation of Christmas: The Infancy Narratives in Social Context. New York: Crossroad, 1989.

Briefly discussed by Lisa Sowle Cahill in her article "The New Testament and Ethics: Communities of Social Change," Interpretation 44 (1990): 383-395.

Hoskyns, Edwyn Clement, and Davey, Francis Noel. Crucifixion--Resurrection: The Pattern of the Theology and Ethics of the New Testament. Edited, with a biographical introduction by Gordon S. Wakefield. London: SPCK, 1983.

Hoskyns lived from 1884-1937.

Houlden, J.L. Ethics and the New Testament. Baltimore and Hammondsworth: Penguin, 1973; and New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1977.

Houlden's basic position is contemporary Christians should not turn to the New Testament for specific guidance, but rather should approach moral issues by asking the question, "On the basis of what we know of God through Christ, what should we now do?"

Houlden is Professor of Theology at King's College, University of London.

Johnson, Luke Timothy. Decision Making in the Church: A Biblical Model. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983.

See Johnson’s Scripture and Discernment: Decision Making in the Church for a 1996 revised and expanded edition of this work.

Johnson is professor of New Testament at the Candler School of Theology at Emory University.

. Scripture and Discernment: Decision Making in the Church. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1996.

Argues that the Church should not make decisions according simply to good management policy, but in response to God’s activity in the world. Revised and expanded edition of Johnson’s Decision Making in the Church: A Biblical Model, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983).

Kahn, Robert I. The Letter and the Spirit. Waco TX: Word, 1972.

Kertelge, Karl, Hrsg. Ethik im Neuen Testament. Questiones Disputatae, 102. Freiburg: Herder, 1984.

Knox, John. The Ethics of Jesus in the Teaching of the Church: Its Authority and Relevance. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1961.

Koenig, John. New Testament Hospitality: Partners with Strangers as Promise and Mission. Overtures to Biblical Theology, 17. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985.

Examines the ministry of Jesus, Paul and the life-style of the early church depicted in Luke-Acts to show that the early Christians fostered a way of life in which individuals acted as "God's guests and hosts on behalf of the world." Hospitality and openness to strangers are viewed as both crucial to the Christian life and the development of the faith and ethics of the early believers.

Légasse, Simon. «Et qui est mon prochain?» Etude sur l'agape dans le Nouveau Testament. Lectio Divina, 136. Paris Editions du Cerf, 1989.

Italian translation: E chi è il mio prossimo?. Roma: Edizioni Dehoniane, 1991.

Also includes Old Testament background material.

Lillie, William. Studies in New Testament Ethics. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1961; Philadelphia: Westminster, 1963.

Lohse, Eduard. Theological Ethics of the New Testament. Translated by M. Eugene Boring. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991.

German original: Theologische Ethik des Neuen Testaments. Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1988.

Italian translation: Etica Teologica del Nuovo Testamento. Biblioteca di Cultura Religiosa, 57. A cura di Omero Soffriti. Brescia: Paideia, 1991.

Lohse discusses method, and then individual chapters treat The Old Testament and Greek Hellenistic Background, The Christological Grounding of Early Christian ethics, The Kingship of God, The New Righteousness, Directions for Everyday Life of the Christians, The New Creation in the Life of the Believer, The Worldliness of Faith, Law and Commandment, Endurance in Suffering, and Early Christian Ethics in Late Antiquity. Each chapter also ends with a bibliography.

Reviewed by L. John Topel, S.J. in Theological Studies 53 (1992): 550-552.

Lohse is a Lutheran bishop and former New Testament professor at the University of Göttingen.

Longenecker, Richard. New Testament Social Ethics for Today. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1984.

Malherbe, Abraham J. Social Aspects of Early Christianit